In order to quickly detect the hazards such as subgrade freezing and thawing along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the authors developed a real-time data acquisition, processing and transmission system for special ground penetrating radar system in this project. Parallel ADC of high-speed and highprecision combined with FPGA technology and USB bus was applied to achieve fast, real-time transmission of radar data which were processed in real-time by the floating-point digital signal processor of high-performance. Three-channel real-time data acquisition, processing and transmission system was designed. The experimental results show that the system can achieve a relatively high data throughput to meet rapid and continuous testing requirements of the groundpenetrating radar in the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.