鄂西黄陵背斜周缘震旦系灯影组白云岩成因分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.1346

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Abstract

A suite of dolomite-dominated carbonate reservoirs is developed in the Sinian Dengying Formation in the Huangling anticline in the eastern part of the intracratonic rift, western Hubei Province. Investigating the formation environment and genetic mechanism of dolomites is crucial for determining the developmental mechanism of carbonate reservoirs and facilitating conventional oil and gas exploration in the study area. This study employed various analytical techniques, including cast thin sections, cathodoluminescence thin sections, field emission scanning electron microscopy, carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of carbonate rocks, major and trace element analyses, whole-rock mineral analyses, and determination of the degree of order of dolomite. Using these techniques, this study analyzed the chemical composition and mineralogical characteristics of dolomites from the Dengying Formation on the periphery of the Huangling anticline. Furthermore, this study explored the formation environment, developmental mechanism, and modification process of dolomites. The results indicate that the dolomites from the Dengying Formation contained the same proportions of CaO and MgO molecules and low Sr content, aligning with the characteristics of penecontemporaneous dolomites. The analytical results of trace elements and carbon and oxygen isotopes confirm that the dolomites formed in a marine environment with low Fe and Mn contents. The average paleoseawater salinity (Z) of 128.41, average temperature of 21.32 ℃, and average diagenetic temperature of 49.36 ℃ created the favorable environmental conditions for forming penecontemporaneous dolomites. Additionally, the dolomite from the Dengying Formation exhibited significantly lower δ¹⁸O compared to the Dengyingian seawater, degrees of order ranging from 0.61 to 0.99, and a peak frequency distribution between 0.8 and 0.9, indicating that the dolomite experienced a progressively deepening burial modification process. The whole-rock mineral analyses reveal that the content of dolomite was positively correlated with its degree of order, suggesting that a high degree of dolomitization corresponded to a higher degree of order during burial modification. Therefore, this study holds that dolomites in the Dengying Formation were originally formed by penecontemporaneous dolomite. Through prolonged burial modification, micritic dolomite with a low degree of order experienced recrystallization, gradually transitioning into very finely crystalline/finely crystalline dolomite, accompanied by an elevated degree of order. Ultimately, dolomites of a penecontemporaneous-burial modification origin formed in the study area.

Key words： Huangling anticline Dengying Formation dolomite origin degree of order of dolomite diagenetic environment

Received: 16 August 2024 Published: 07 August 2025

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	Hao-Han LI
	Cong ZHANG
	Wen-Zheng LI
	Chun-He ZHANG
	Yuan ZHANG
	Zi WANG
	Wei-Kun CHEN
	Rong-Hui FANG

Cite this article:

Hao-Han LI,Cong ZHANG,Wen-Zheng LI, et al. Genetic analysis of dolomites in the Sinian Dengying Formation on the periphery of the Huangling anticline, western Hubei Province[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(4): 790-801.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1346 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I4/790

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Lithofacies palaeogeographic map and stratigraphy of Dengying Formation in study area (modified from Li et al.^[14])

Thin-section characteristics of dolomite lithofacies in Dengying Formation
a—micropohograph of sample No.QLK-23 under plane polarized light; b—micropohograph of sample No.QLK-23 under perpendicular polarized ligh; c—micropohograph of sample No.QLK-23 under cathode light; d—micropohograph of sample No.QLK-11 under plane polarized light; e—micropohograph of sample No.QLK-11 under perpendicular polarized ligh; f—micropohograph of sample No.QLK-11 under cathode light

Scanning electron microscope photo of dolomite in Dengying Formation
a—full view of Sample QLK-23 reveals euhedral calcite crystals with well-developed intercrystalline pores (×500); b—enlarged view of part (a) shows euhedral calcite crystals, predominantly rhombic dodecahedra, with well-developed intercrystalline pores (×1000); c—further enlargement of part (b) exhibits the presence of well-developed intercrystalline pores in calcite (×2000); d—full view of Sample QLK-11 displays euhedral calcite crystals with well-developed intercrystalline pores (×500); e—enlarged view of part (d) depicts euhedral calcite crystals, mainly rhombic dodecahedra, with well-developed intercrystalline pores (×1000); f—further enlargement of part (e) showcases the existence of well-developed intercrystalline pores in calcite at a higher magnification level(×2000)

序号	样品编号	岩性	微量元素含量/10^-6						主量元素含量/%				碳氧同位素
序号	样品编号	岩性	Sr 光谱	Sr 质谱	Mn	Fe	w(Fe)/ w(Mn)	w(Mn)/ w(Sr)	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO	δC¹³/ PDB,‰	δO¹⁸/ PDB,‰	古盐度指标(Z)	古海水温度T/℃	成岩温度T/℃
1	QLK-01	粉—泥晶白云岩	61.94	86.6	97.70	357.78	3.66	1.13	0.50	0.18	32.37	23.08	-2.29	-6.55	119.35	17.96	45.57
2	QLK-02	纹层状泥质泥晶白云岩	149.91	99.5	94.20	5374.44	57.05	0.95	6.82	1.81	27.51	20.80	1.89	-7.45	127.46	21.9	50.19
3	QLK-03	粉—泥晶硅质灰岩	479.53	43	190.10	62.22	0.33	4.42	13.29	0.06	26.33	20.03	3.54	-5.45	131.84	13.42	40
4	QLK-04	粒屑粉—泥晶灰岩	2683.77	1361	34.20	/	0.00	0.03	1.52	0.05	53.66	1.48	2.65	-6.3	129.59	16.9	44.29
5	QLK-05	泥—粉晶白云岩	2462.38	77.1	169.90	147.78	0.87	2.20	0.68	0.10	32.57	23.07	3.83	-6.65	131.83	18.39	46.08
6	QLK-06	细晶含灰白云岩	1994.75	67.1	216.80	132.22	0.61	3.23	0.72	0.09	32.64	22.74	5.03	-5.39	134.92	13.19	39.7
7	QLK-07	泥—粉晶白云岩	1090.57	90.5	166.90	482.22	2.89	1.84	0.30	0.11	32.68	20.55	3.89	-6.56	132	18	45.62
8	QLK-08	粉—细晶白云岩	2573.67	63.2	144.10	4106.67	28.50	2.28	5.58	1.58	27.91	18.56	3.81	-5.99	132.12	15.61	42.72
9	QLK-09	粉—细晶白云岩	1620.55	1528.4	/	38.89	/	/	0.45	0.08	54.03	1.38	3.77	-5.27	132.4	12.71	39.1
10	QLK-10	泥—粉晶云质灰岩	984.39	397.6	2.50	15.56	6.22	0.01	3.77	0.15	50.88	1.63	1.61	-8.22	126.5	25.44	54.2
11	QLK-11	粉—细晶灰质白云岩	1463.82	1149.4	19.40	/	0.00	0.02	2.23	0.08	54.13	0.63	3.68	-6.07	131.81	15.94	43.12
12	QLK-12	粉—细晶灰质白云岩	664.52	73.9	139.80	70.00	0.50	1.89	4.43	0.16	30.83	22.19	2.82	-7.95	129.12	24.18	52.79
13	QLK-13	粉—细晶白云质灰岩	1192.04	117.3	116.80	2107.78	18.05	1.00	1.28	0.34	32.33	19.40	3.07	-7.08	130.06	20.26	48.28
14	QLK-14	泥—粉晶白云岩	1308.22	684.5	337.10	124.44	0.37	0.49	2.51	0.21	39.91	14.44	1.03	-9.78	124.54	33.09	62.47
15	QLK-15	粉—细晶云质灰岩	861.54	2027.9	10.70	7.78	0.73	0.01	17.43	0.16	40.02	1.73	1.31	-9.7	125.15	32.68	62.04
16	QLK-16	粉晶含灰白云岩	1702.04	36.6	68.40	31.11	0.45	1.87	0.16	0.05	32.54	23.31	2.93	-6.95	129.84	19.68	47.61
17	QLK-17	粉—细晶白云岩	2327.16	2073.7	12.70	140.00	11.02	0.01	1.79	0.14	51.02	3.33	3.53	-6.08	131.5	15.98	43.18
18	QLK-18	粉晶白云岩	1841.99	64.3	87.50	248.89	2.84	1.36	0.13	0.06	32.92	22.77	2.95	-6.81	129.95	19.08	46.89
19	QLK-19	粉—泥晶白云岩	62.49	1687.1	19.50	7.78	0.40	0.01	14.35	0.11	41.48	2.47	2.48	-7.81	128.49	23.54	52.06
20	QLK-20	粉—泥晶白云岩	57.44	95.8	99.90	132.22	1.32	1.04	0.31	0.16	33.45	22.37	1.23	-8.04	125.82	24.6	53.26
21	QLK-21	泥—粉晶白云岩	63.87	857.5	204.50	4876.67	23.85	0.24	16.56	2.99	32.59	4.55	2.16	-7.86	127.81	23.77	52.32
22	QLK-22	泥—粉晶白云岩	81.86	1029.4	106.40	1796.67	16.89	0.10	6.73	1.03	45.38	2.38	2.35	-7.8	128.23	23.49	52.01
23	QLK-23	泥—粉晶白云岩	60.23	173.1	154.50	248.89	1.61	0.89	1.23	0.21	32.77	22.10	0.87	-7.57	125.31	22.44	50.81
24	QLK-24	泥—粉晶白云岩	102.88	73.9	101.40	256.67	2.53	1.37	0.27	0.12	32.74	23.12	1.18	-7.04	126.21	20.08	48.08
25	YX-01	泥—粉晶白云岩	54.88	100.1	207.80	7.78	0.04	2.08	0.75	0.06	32.89	22.87	3.35	-6.25	131.05	16.69	44.04
26	YX-02	泥—粉晶白云岩	42.51	936.3	24.50	116.67	4.76	0.03	2.41	0.14	52.39	1.25	1.97	-6.85	127.92	19.25	47.1
27	YX-03	泥—粉晶白云岩	87.58	283.7	7.10	/	0.00	0.03	1.24	0.05	54.06	1.28	1.55	-4.17	128.4	8.54	33.64
28	YX-04	粉—泥晶白云岩	82.75	92.1	76.70	132.22	1.72	0.83	0.67	0.10	32.61	23.06	1.95	-8.34	127.14	26.01	54.83
29	YX-05	粉—泥晶白云岩	64.72	46.4	178.70	85.56	0.48	3.85	25.64	0.06	20.82	17.36	-1.28	-8.6	120.4	27.25	56.2
30	YX-06	粉—泥晶白云岩	57.01	39.1	140.90	225.56	1.60	3.60	0.29	0.06	32.36	23.23	1.96	-8.06	127.3	24.69	53.36
31	YX-07	粉—泥晶含硅白云岩	37.75	49.2	256.60	70.00	0.27	5.22	0.63	0.05	32.56	22.62	/	/	/	/	/
32	YX-08	粉—泥晶白云岩	36.41	82.8	73.10	342.22	4.68	0.88	29.55	0.12	19.56	16.47	3	-8.83	129.05	28.36	57.41
33	YX-09	粉—泥晶白云岩	43.43	79.2	154.20	85.56	0.55	1.95	1.09	0.05	32.08	22.28	2.65	-8.41	128.54	26.34	55.2
34	YX-10	泥—粉晶白云岩	61.82	1128.6	12.20	303.33	24.86	0.01	24.17	0.24	31.96	4.81	3.38	-7.98	130.25	24.32	52.95
35	YX-11	粉—泥晶白云岩	67.23	76.2	201.30	70.00	0.35	2.64	8.10	0.08	28.51	21.23	1.74	-8.1	126.83	24.88	53.57
36	YX-12	粒屑粉—泥晶白云岩	71.48	1354.8	0.80	85.56	106.94	0.00	6.29	0.12	46.72	3.24	2.29	-7.72	128.15	23.13	51.59
37	YX-13	含粒屑粉—泥晶白云岩	32.58	787.3	55.90	93.33	1.67	0.07	0.95	0.11	54.04	1.37	0.73	-7.31	125.15	21.27	49.47
38	YX-14	粉—细晶白云岩	79.11	9.5	9.50	202.22	21.29	1.00	3.76	0.21	50.34	1.78	2.91	-8.27	129.14	25.68	54.46

Data of major elements, trace elements and carbon and oxygen isotopes of Youxi and Qinglinkou profiles in the western Hubei region

Mineral content and dolomite ordering data

Relationship between CaO and MgO contents

Histogram of Sr elemental content distribution

Histogram of dolomite orderliness distribution(n=28)

Relationship between dolomite content and dolomite orderliness

Genetic model of dolomite in the Sinian Dengying Formation on the periphery of Huangling anticline
a—under the environment of high-salinity seawater under intense evaporation conditions during the Sinian Dengying Stage, dolomite rapidly crystallized to form micritic dolomite with a low degree of order;b—at the end of the Jurassic, the burial depth of the Dengying Formation reached its maximum, the dolomite underwent deep burial transformation and recrystallization to form silt-crystalline dolomite with a high degree of order;c—during the uplifting process, the Dengying Formation was exposed on the earth's surface and underwent transformation

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