济南新旧动能转换起步区东部浅层地下水中氟的富集规律及成因分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.1035

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Abstract

Based on the water quality analysis of 53 sets of shallow groundwater samples from the eastern start-up area, this study examined the distribution characteristics and genetic mechanisms of fluoride concentration (F^-) using methods such as chemical composition diagrams, proportion coefficient analysis, correlation analysis, and hydrogeochemical modeling. The results indicate that the F^- concentration in shallow groundwater ranges from 0 to 2.85 mg/L, with a coefficient of variation (C_V) of 72.78%, and is unevenly distributed horizontally. Horizontally, shallow groundwater with a high F^- concentration (also referred to as high-fluoride groundwater) is concentrated in the northwest and northern parts of the study area. Such groundwater exhibits complex hydrochemical types, and environments with weak alkalinity, low calcium, and high sodium favor fluoride ion enrichment. The F^- enrichment in shallow groundwater is primarily influenced by climate, terrain, topography, and hydrogeological conditions. Primary mechanisms behind the formation of high-fluoride groundwater include the dissolution of fluorine-bearing minerals in shallow groundwater, as well as the evaporation and concentration of shallow groundwater itself. Additionally, the ion exchange and adsorption processes further contribute to F^- enrichment. The F^- concentration in shallow groundwater in the northern part of the study area exceeds the threshold of the human health risk index and thus should be dealt with. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the management and utilization of high-fluoride groundwater resources.

Key words： shallow groundwater hydrochemical characteristic fluorine enrichment characteristic genesis analysis eastern start-up area

Received: 23 January 2024 Published: 26 February 2025

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Nai-Jin DUAN. Patterns and genesis of fluorine enrichment in shallow groundwater in the eastern start-up area of new and old kinetic energy conversion in Jinan, China[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(1): 248-257.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1035 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I1/248

Distribution of shallow groundwater samples in the study area

化学成分	最小值/ (mg·L^-1)	最大值/ (mg·L^-1)	均值/ (mg·L^-1)	标准差	变异系数/%
K⁺	0.00	9.69	1.00	1.49	149.69
Na	19.10	525.00	157.90	124.55	78.88
Ca²⁺	40.20	407.00	150.24	76.35	50.823
Mg²⁺	25.30	265.00	74.13	39.48	53.26
S $O 4 2 -$	39.80	1430.00	226.89	236.46	104.22
Cl^-	33.40	806.00	177.32	130.80	73.77
HC $O 3 -$	302.00	966.00	586.68	158.07	26.95
F^-	0	3.00	0.96	0.70	72.78
pH	7.26	8.00	7.67	0.19	2.46
TDS	501.00	3 038.00	1 173.66	526.14	44.83

Statistical results of main chemical components characteristic in shallow groundwater

Piper trilinear diagram of groundwater in the study area

Distribution of F^- mass concentration in shallow groundwater

O 3 - mass concentration
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Relationship between F^- and pH、TDS、Ca²⁺ 、HC $O 3 -$ mass concentration

The relationship between water chemistry type and F^-

化学成分	F	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	S $O 4 2 -$	Cl^-	$HCO 3 -$	PH	TDS
F	1.000	0.007	0.251	-0.687^**	0.103	0.050	-0.279^*	0.347^*	-0.011	-0.077
K⁺	0.007	1.000	0.249	-0.052	0.207	0.250	0.014	0.379^**	0.101	0.332^*
Na⁺	0.251	0.249	1.000	-0.204	0.641^**	0.729^**	0.235	0.684^**	-0.264	0.663^**
Ca²⁺	-0.687^**	-0.052	-0.204	1.000	0.039	0.010	0.581^**	-0.419^**	-0.077	0.328^*
Mg²⁺	0.103	0.207	0.641^**	0.039	1.000	0.922^**	0.476^**	0.529^**	-0.054	0.837^**
S $O 4 2 -$	0.050	0.250	0.729^**	0.010	0.922^**	1.000	0.357^*	0.508^**	-0.145	0.866^**
Cl^-	-0.279^*	0.014	0.235	0.581^**	0.476^**	0.357^*	1.000	0.009	-0.005	0.612^**
HC $O 3 -$	0.347^*	0.379^**	0.684^**	-0.419^**	0.529^**	0.508^**	0.009	1.000	-0.166	0.452^**
pH	-0.011	0.101	-0.264	-0.077	-0.054	-0.145	-0.005	-0.166	1.000	-0.164
TDS	-0.077	0.332^*	0.663^**	0.328^*	0.837^**	0.866^**	0.612^**	0.452^**	-0.164	1.000

Correlation statistics of F^- and main chemical components in shallow groundwater

Gibbs distribution of shallow groundwater chemistry

Relationship between fluorine content and saturation index of calcite (a), dolomite (b), fluorite (c),and gypsum (d) in shallow groundwater

Relationship between fluorine content and chloro-alkaline index in shallow groundwater

Results of health risk assessment for shallow groundwater

Risk assessment of F^- in shallow groundwater for children and adults

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