岷江上游干旱河谷区汶川段风化壳剖面元素地球化学特征

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1255

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Abstract

This study conducted geochemical tests and analyses for vertical rock-soil profiles with different bedrock types in the Wenchuan section in the upper arid valley of the Minjiang River. Based on the above, this study explored the vertical distributions of elements in these weathering crust profiles to investigate the influence of bedrocks on the contents of chemical elements in soils. From a geological perspective, this study provided proposals for planting in agricultural production and eco-environmental restoration for the study area. The results of this study are as follows: (1) From top to bottom, weathering crust profiles can be divided into four layers: the humus layer (A), the illuvial layer (B), the soil parent material layer (C), and the bedrock layer (R). The humus layers exhibit higher average values of Al, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Se, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb and lower average values of Si, Na, Mn, Cr, As, Cd, and Hg, compared to corresponding national average values in soils; (2) In weathering crust profiles with different bedrock types, except for elements with higher contents in both bedrocks and corresponding soil layers, the same elements manifest similar contents in other soil layers; (3) The chemical weathering intensity increased from the bedrock to the humus layers, with soil weathering degrees generally higher than bedrock weathering degrees; (4) In addition to characteristics inherited from soil parent materials, elements in weathering crust profiles show content differentiation, characterized by enriched Al, K, and Se in humus layers, enriched Na, Fe, Si, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, As, Cd, Cr, and Hg in illuvial layers, and enriched Mg and Ca in soil parent material layers.

Key words： arid valley rock-soil elemental characteristic planting proposal

Received: 09 June 2023 Published: 27 June 2024

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	Xue-Ni ZHOU
	Ya-Ting CAO
	Yang JI

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Xue-Ni ZHOU,Ya-Ting CAO,Yang JI. Element geochemical characteristics of weathering crust profiles of the Wenchuan section in the upper arid valley of the Minjiang River[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(3): 597-608.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1255 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2024/V48/I3/597

Location of the study area

Schematic structure of weathered crust stratification in the sampling site profile

剖面号	坡度	成土母岩	成土母质类型	土地利用	备注
PM01	38°	闪长岩	闪长岩风化残积物+风成黄土	果林地为主	剖面位于汶川县绵虒镇半坡村,该处第四系松散堆积物较厚,大面积种植李子树。腐殖层为黑灰色壤土,深度0~10 cm;淀积层为棕色壤土,深度10~200 cm;母质层为黄褐色含砾石沙土,深度200~400 cm;基岩微风化、较完整
PM02	42°	花岗岩	花岗岩风化残积物	灌木林为主	剖面位于汶川县威州镇索桥村,植被主要为灌木胡枝子、少许草。腐殖层为黑灰色壤土,深度0~10 cm;淀积层为棕色壤土,深度10~20 cm;母质层为黄褐色含砾石沙土,深度20~30 cm;基岩微风化、较完整
PM03	30°	千枚岩	风成黄土+千枚岩风化残积物	果林地为主	剖面位于汶川县威州镇秉里村,该处第四系松散堆积物较厚,坡地改造为阶梯状,种植李子树。腐殖层为黑色壤土,深度0~30 cm;淀积层为黄色含砂砾质壤土,深度30~60 cm;母质层为黄色含砾石壤土,深度60~300 cm;基岩强风化、较破碎
PM04	30°	千枚岩	风成黄土+千枚岩风化残积物	果林地为主	剖面位于汶川县绵虒镇涂禹山村,大面积种植李子树。腐殖层为黑色壤土,深度0~30 cm;淀积层为红棕色—黄棕色壤土,深度30~100 cm;母质层为黄棕色含砾石沙土,深度100~250 cm;基岩中等风化、较完整
PM05	31°	千枚岩	风成黄土+千枚岩风化残积物	草地为主	剖面位于汶川县威州镇禹碑岭村,植被主要为草丛、局部灌丛。腐殖层为灰色壤土,深度0~30 cm;淀积层为黄色壤土,深度30~150 cm;母质层为灰黄色壤土,深度150~320 cm;基岩微风化、较完整
PM06	26°	结晶灰岩	风成黄土+结晶灰岩风化残积物	果林地为主	剖面位于汶川县威州镇禹碑岭村,主要种植李子树,少许核桃树。腐殖层为黑灰色壤土,深度0~10 cm;淀积层为深灰色壤土,深度10~20 cm;母质层为浅灰色粗骨土,深度20~50 cm;基岩中等风化、较完整
PM07	55°	结晶灰岩	风成黄土+结晶灰岩风化残积物	果林地为主	剖面位于汶川县威州镇禹碑岭村,该点位于半山坡上,主要种植樱桃树。腐殖层为黑灰色壤土,深度0~20 cm;淀积层为棕色壤土,深度20~120 cm;母质层为黄褐色含砾石沙土,深度120~400 cm;基岩中等风化、较完整

The basic characteristics for the weathering profiles in the study area

剖面号	岩性	采样层位	Al₂O₃	CaO	K₂O	MgO	Na₂O	TFe₂O₃	SiO₂	CIA	Na/K	ba
PM01	闪长岩	腐殖层	14.04	3.83	2.97	2.39	1.21	6.08	56.91	66.09	0.62	1.30
		淀积层	12.02	10.34	2.79	2.40	0.98	4.83	51.35	65.78	0.53	2.45
		母质层	11.62	10.41	2.46	2.69	1.35	5.21	51.04	62.04	0.83	2.63
		基岩层	12.04	0.48	3.92	0.26	3.99	1.44	76.60	54.36	1.55	-
PM02	花岗岩	腐殖层	11.58	5.40	3.39	3.79	1.84	7.94	50.68	54.33	0.82	2.25
		淀积层	12.50	4.69	2.28	3.36	2.63	7.33	55.29	52.91	1.75	1.91
		母质层	11.64	5.67	3.67	4.56	1.39	8.87	49.39	57.64	0.58	2.41
		基岩层	12.08	0.43	4.44	0.31	3.69	1.12	76.48	50.86	1.26	-
PM03	千枚岩	腐殖层	14.58	12.78	3.27	1.95	0.81	5.01	48.38	70.12	0.38	2.26
		淀积层	11.16	11.48	2.93	3.26	1.05	4.41	49.68	62.72	0.54	3.0
		母质层	12.83	17.58	3.08	2.27	0.69	4.25	43.61	69.57	0.34	3.28
		基岩层	18.55	0.35	2.56	1.14	0.36	7.03	63.87	82.23	0.21	-
PM04	千枚岩	腐殖层	15.10	2.88	2.62	2.06	1.04	6.15	58.14	70.68	0.60	0.99
		淀积层	15.34	2.48	2.91	2.46	1.16	6.63	57.45	68.74	0.61	1.03
		母质层	13.17	9.09	3.02	2.25	1.02	4.89	52.32	66.50	0.51	2.06
		基岩层	19.89	0.65	4.05	2.62	1.00	7.73	58.14	69.58	0.38	-
PM05	千枚岩	腐殖层	16.44	4.15	4.34	2.77	0.93	6.48	51.75	67.91	0.33	1.26
		淀积层	15.59	4.60	4.13	2.71	1.05	6.47	53.12	66.27	0.39	1.37
		母质层	14.05	10.01	3.92	2.55	0.97	5.23	50.18	65.36	0.38	2.17
		基岩层	20.54	0.20	4.53	2.98	1.42	7.96	56.26	72.95	0.48	-
PM06	结晶灰岩	腐殖层	10.04	27.33	2.18	3.38	0.46	2.76	39.26	72.13	0.32	6.11
		淀积层	9.80	18.85	2.47	3.26	0.32	3.14	45.12	72.41	0.20	4.67
		母质层	3.81	47.05	0.98	6.20	0.17	0.9	25.02	70.13	0.26	26.92
		基岩层	2.73	40.02	0.23	1.76	<0.3	1.22	21.7	68.83	1.98	-
PM07	结晶灰岩	腐殖层	11.29	24.26	2.30	2.26	0.53	3.10	41.26	72.70	0.35	4.71
		淀积层	10.45	27.24	2.13	2.40	0.50	2.76	40.66	72.54	0.36	5.61
		母质层	7.29	39.03	1.37	2.18	0.41	1.79	32.75	72.02	0.45	10.78
		基岩层	2.25	41.42	0.51	2.18	<0.30	1.71	<19.00	59.38	0.89	-
土壤样品平均值			12.11	14.25	2.82	2.91	0.98	4.96	47.78	66.60	0.53	4.25
中国土壤元素值^[18]			12.6	3.2	2.5	1.8	1.6	3.4	65.0	61.23	0.97	1.25
元江干旱河谷区局部区域土壤元素值^[19]			15.00	-	3.32	0.46	2.61	3.44	70.25	-	1.19	-
金沙江干旱河谷区局部区域土壤元素值^[19]			12.50	-	3.39	0.32	0.90	3.31	73.14	-	0.40	-

Macronutrient content and weathering index in weathered crust profiles

Constant element curve chart

Trace element content and heavy element content in weathering crust profiles 10^-6

Soil heavy metal pollution index distribution

Scatter plot of CIA values versus Na/K values for weathered crust profiles

Distribution of macronutrients in weathered crust profiles in the Wenchuan section of the upper Minjiang arid valley

Variation of macronutrient content with depth in weathered crust profiles

Variation of heavy elemental content with depth in weathered crust profiles

Soil element correlation coefficients (n=21)

Map of the four types of distribution of elements in the vertical profile of weathered crusts

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