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Speciation and distribution of heavy metals in sediments in Haihe River Basin and their effects on ecological risk assessment |
LI Sheng-Qing |
No. 801 Hydrogeological and Engineering Geological Brigade of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,Jinan 250014, China |
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Abstract Since a large amount of domestic and industrial wastewater containing heavy metals has been discharged into the Haihe River Basin, many heavy metals enter the water environment and accumulate in the sediments. Traditional ecological risk assessment methods ignore the speciation and distribution of heavy metals, leading to the low reliability of ecological risk assessment. This study investigated the plain section of the Haihe River Basin and researched the speciation and distribution of heavy metals in the sediments in the Haihe River Basin and carried out the ecological risk assessment. Sediment samples were collected at the collection points deployed in the Haihe River Basin. Afterward, the samples were processed using mixed acids at the laboratory. Then, the contents of heavy metals in the samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry, and the speciation and distribution of heavy metals in the sediments were analyzed. For the ecological risk assessment, abundance calculation was adopted to improve the ecological risk assessment indices and design the ecological risk assessment standard of heavy metals. The experimental results show that the obtained evaluation of the sampling points and various heavy metals were closer to the actual situation, has higher reliability, and displayed better evaluation performance compared to results obtained using traditional assessment methods.
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Received: 05 February 2021
Published: 21 June 2022
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Schematic diagram of the distribution of sampling points
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采样点编号 | 坐标 | 北纬 | 东经 | D1 | 39°51'52″ | 114°59'26″ | D2 | 38°28'26″ | 114°53'58″ | D3 | 39°53'54″ | 114°37'39″ | D4 | 37°14'25″ | 115°23'52″ | D5 | 36°26'53″ | 115°24'57″ | D6 | 38°58'33″ | 115°32'46″ | D7 | 39°34'32″ | 115°27'58″ | D8 | 36°54'35″ | 114°39'42″ | D9 | 37°31'41″ | 115°44'76″ |
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Coordinates of sampling points
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采样点 编号 | 重金属元素含量/10-6 | 铬 | 镉 | 砷 | 铅 | 汞 | D1 | 63.5 | 0.36 | 192.3 | 112.3 | 0.36 | D2 | 72.3 | 0.58 | 132.4 | 103.6 | 0.34 | D3 | 51.6 | 1.22 | 241.5 | 122.4 | 0.51 | D4 | 77.3 | 0.49 | 203.6 | 159.5 | 0.29 | D5 | 108.3 | 0.68 | 125.6 | 114.3 | 0.59 | D6 | 54.3 | 0.91 | 144.7 | 126.3 | 0.67 | D7 | 166.8 | 1.32 | 156.8 | 142.8 | 0.84 | D8 | 553.5 | 0.97 | 165.4 | 114.7 | 0.61 | D9 | 221.3 | 0.42 | 177.3 | 135.0 | 0.55 | 平均值 | 152.1 | 0.77 | 171.1 | 125.7 | 0.53 | 背景值[12] | 60 | 0.5 | 15 | 25 | 0.25 |
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Results of determination of heavy metal content in samples at 40 cm of the sediment
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Vertical distribution characteristics of heavy metals
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风险评估等级 | 潜在生态风险评估指数 | 污染程度 | Z | <5 | 无污染 | Ⅰ | 10~20 | 极轻度污染 | Ⅱ | 20~40 | 轻度污染 | Ⅲ | 40~80 | 中度污染 | Ⅳ | 80~160 | 强污染 | Ⅴ | 160~320 | 极强污染 | Ⅵ | ≥320 | 严重污染 |
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Classification of heavy metal ecological risk assessment standards
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采样点编号 | 重金属元素含量/10-6 | 铬 | 镉 | 砷 | 铅 | 汞 | ① | 77.2 | 0.56 | 106.3 | 112.3 | 0.15 | ② | 66.7 | 0.82 | 89.6 | 103.7 | 0.28 | ③ | 43.8 | 1.08 | 92.5 | 122.4 | 0.33 | ④ | 58.3 | 0.66 | 117.3 | 159.5 | 0.34 | ⑤ | 99.5 | 0.89 | 159.7 | 114.3 | 0.29 | 平均值 | 69.1 | 0.80 | 113.1 | 122.4 | 0.28 | 背景值[12] | 44 | 0.6 | 70 | 48 | 0.30 |
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Results of determination of heavy metal content in samples at 40 cm of sediment in the experimental watershed
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采样点 | 传统方法 | 本文方法 | 铬 | 镉 | 砷 | 铅 | 汞 | 铬 | 镉 | 砷 | 铅 | 汞 | ① | Ⅲ | Ⅰ | Ⅴ | Ⅵ | Ⅴ | Ⅱ | Z | Ⅲ | Ⅲ | Z | ② | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅲ | Ⅱ | Ⅰ | Ⅰ | Ⅰ | Ⅱ | Ⅳ | Z | ③ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅲ | Ⅲ | Ⅲ | Z | Ⅱ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅰ | ④ | Ⅳ | Ⅱ | Ⅱ | Ⅱ | Ⅱ | Ⅰ | Ⅰ | Ⅲ | Ⅴ | Ⅰ | ⑤ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ | Ⅳ | Ⅱ | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅱ | Ⅳ | Ⅳ | Z |
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Comparison of the evaluation results of the two evaluation methods
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