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Geochemical characteristics and environmental assessment of heavy metal elements in agricultural soil of Anqiu area, Shandong Province |
ZHAO Xiu-Fang1( ), ZHANG Yong-Shuai1, FENG Ai-Ping1, WANG Yi-Xuan2, XIA Li-Xian1, WANG Hong-Lei1, DU Wei1 |
1. The Seventh Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute, Linyi 276006,China 2. College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095,China |
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Abstract In order to understand the status of soil heavy metal pollution in Anqiu Area, Shandong Province,10 194 soil samples are systematically collected,the contents of 8 heavy metal elements including Cd, Hg, Pb and As are tested and analyzed.The geochemical distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements and their possible sources are discussed by using geostatistical and multivariate statistical methods.The results show that the average contents of Cd, Hg and As in the soil of the study area are similar to the background values of Weifang soil, and the average contents of other elements are slightly higher than the soil background values of Weifang.The average contents of the 8 heavy metal elements are all lower than risk screening values of standard. According to cluster analysis,eight heavy metal elements are mainly divided into four categories.The first category is Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn, whose distributions are mainly affected by natural factors such as the parent material of the soil, while Zn is also affected by human activities.The second category is Cd,Pb and the third category is Hg. The distribution characteristics of these elements are greatly affected by human activities such as metal smelting and processing, transportation, mining, etc.The fourth category is As, which is not only inherited from the the parent material of the soil, but also affected by human activities. The soil environmental quality in the study area is evaluated by Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618—2018),the results show that the soil environment in the study area is mainly safe zone, risk-freeand. Point source pollution only exists in some places.
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Received: 06 November 2019
Published: 29 December 2020
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Geographical location map of Anqiu City
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Soil type map of Anqiu City
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Major mineral distribution sketch
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污染 项目 | 风险筛选值/10-6 | pH≤5.5 | 5.5<pH≤6.5 | 6.5<pH≤7.5 | pH>7.5 | 镉 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 汞 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 砷 | 40 | 40 | 30 | 25 | 铅 | 70 | 90 | 120 | 170 | 铬 | 150 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 铜 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 镍 | 60 | 70 | 100 | 190 | 锌 | 200 | 200 | 250 | 300 |
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Risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land
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污染 项目 | 风险管控值/10-6 | pH≤5.5 | 5.5<pH≤6.5 | 6.5<pH≤7.5 | pH>7.5 | 镉 | 1.5 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 汞 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 4 | 6 | 砷 | 200 | 150 | 120 | 100 | 铅 | 400 | 500 | 700 | 1000 | 铬 | 800 | 850 | 1000 | 1300 |
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Risk control values for soil contamination of agriculturalland
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等级 | 一等 | 三等 | 三级 | 污染风险 | 无风险 | 风险可控 | 风险较高 | 划分方法 | Ci≤Si | Ci<Si≤Gi | Ci>Gi |
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Geochemical classification for soil environment
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元素 | 最大值/10-6 | 最小值/10-6 | 平均值/10-6 | 中值/10-6 | 标准差 | Cv/% | 偏度 | 峰度 | 潍坊市土壤 背景值[21] | Cd | 5.96 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 94.90 | 1246.09 | 30.37 | 0.11 | Hg | 2.290 | 0.001 | 0.033 | 0.030 | 0.046 | 138.40 | 1310.1 | 31.29 | 0.03 | Pb | 1665.10 | 3.10 | 28.33 | 24.18 | 31.07 | 109.70 | 1004.05 | 25.27 | 22.90 | As | 223.00 | 0.01 | 7.79 | 7.70 | 4.02 | 51.60 | 861.03 | 17.84 | 7.80 | Cr | 2227.00 | 6.09 | 80.38 | 68.30 | 49.45 | 61.50 | 358.31 | 10.38 | 65.30 | Ni | 1084.00 | 2.94 | 37.21 | 29.70 | 31.27 | 84.00 | 137.57 | 7.02 | 26.90 | Cu | 288.00 | 3.63 | 25.19 | 23.10 | 11.10 | 44.10 | 43.32 | 3.76 | 21.20 | Zn | 1129.16 | 6.40 | 67.19 | 63.81 | 27.26 | 40.60 | 406.01 | 13.2 | 58.50 |
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Statistical characteristic values of heavy metal element contents in surface soil
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Spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface soil
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元素 | Cd | Hg | Pb | As | Cr | Ni | Cu | Zn | Cd | 1 | | | | | | | | Hg | 0.087** | 1 | | | | | | | Pb | 0.583** | 0.059** | 1 | | | | | | As | 0.145** | 0.095** | 0.175** | 1 | | | | | Cr | 0.053** | -0.035** | -0.090** | -0.067** | 1 | | | | Ni | 0.058** | -0.042** | -0.094** | -0.066** | 0.910** | 1 | | | Cu | 0.187** | ﹣ | ﹣ | 0.037** | 0.616** | 0.697** | 1 | | Zn | 0.571** | 0.036** | 0.295** | 0.067** | 0.403** | 0.429** | 0.625** | 1 |
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Correlations matrix for the heavy metals in soil
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元素 | 主成分 | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | Cd | 0.409 | 0.775 | -0.176 | -0.133 | Hg | 0.011 | 0.218 | 0.825 | -0.498 | Pb | 0.170 | 0.802 | -0.191 | -0.047 | As | 0.031 | 0.390 | 0.498 | 0.786 | Cr | 0.829 | -0.385 | 0.054 | 0.036 | Ni | 0.861 | -0.385 | 0.052 | 0.043 | Cu | 0.855 | -0.116 | 0.076 | 0.050 | Zn | 0.777 | 0.362 | -0.097 | -0.082 | 特征值 | 2.961 | 1.884 | 1.017 | 0.090 | 方差/% | 37.02 | 23.56 | 12.71 | 11.23 | 贡献率/% | 37.02 | 60.57 | 73.28 | 84.46 |
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Factors matrix of heavy metal elements in surface soil
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Hierarchical cluster analysis of heavy metal elements in surface soil
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元素 | 成土母岩 | 冲洪积物 | 玄武岩 | 火山岩 | 石灰岩 | 闪长岩 | 花岗岩 | Cd | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.11 | Hg | 0.034 | 0.024 | 0.03 | 0.0305 | 0.026 | 0.019 | Pb | 24.45 | 17.57 | 25.46 | 23.235 | 26.99 | 19.96 | As | 7.55 | 5.75 | 9.01 | 9.48 | 8.57 | 7.44 | Cr | 68.12 | 172.50 | 74.28 | 72.2 | 60.26 | 139.78 | Ni | 29.11 | 112.56 | 31.64 | 34.2 | 25.05 | 70.74 | Cu | 22.57 | 46.13 | 24.78 | 25.91 | 20.55 | 30.92 | Zn | 63.16 | 95.12 | 68.13 | 70.235 | 60.93 | 71.68 |
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Soil heavy metal elementcontents in the different parent rocks10-6
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Comprehensive geochemical evaluation map of soil environment
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