In this paper, based on the measurement result of water electrical parameters in Shanglinhulake, the authors conducted a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) experiment of underwater archaeological investigation with all instruments and workers on a wooden boat powered by a diesel engine. The contrast test shows reflection characteristics of different depths of water and the bottom layers in radar profiles obtained by 100 MHz, 200 MHz and 400 MHz frequency antennas respectively. On such a basis, the authors processed and analyzed GPR data and drew the conclusion as follows: the GPR can not only clearly observe various underwater archaeological targets such as an ancient dam, Yue kiln remains, ruins of ceramic, an ancient river and convex quays for cargo ship but also form images for several local anomalous bodies buried in the lakebed strata with high-resolution. Finally, all of these survey results were confirmed by diver inspection.