地震速度模型精度及其对偏移成像影响的定量分析——以塔里木盆地超深层断控缝洞储集体为例

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.0026

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摘要

地震速度模型精度对深度域偏移成像效果影响较大,但工业界对其缺少定量化分析和明确认识。本文以塔里木超深层断控缝洞储集体地震成像为例,构建了接近真实地下介质情况的深度域数值速度模型,采用实际生产的地震采集观测系统进行三维地震正演模拟;对数值速度模型的不同层系速度进行平滑,定量化分析不同层系速度对相同参数的地震逆时偏移成像的影响;以地震模拟数据为基础,采用工业化流程构建各向同性和各向异性地震深度域速度模型,定量化分析构建的速度模型及偏移成像结果与数值速度模型及偏移成像结果在不同层系和不同地质现象中的差异。通过研究,实现了不同层系各向同性和各向异性工业化速度建模精度定量化分析,以及对偏移成像影响的定量化误差对比,取得了几点较为明确的认识。

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	刘志远
	刘喜武
	杨威
	张庆
	肖彦君

关键词 ：超深层缝洞储集体, 深度域速度精度, 成像精度, 定量化分析

Abstract：

Seismic velocity model accuracy significantly influences the quality of depth-migrated images.However,a quantitative analysis and clear understanding of this relationship remain lacking.Based on the seismic images of ultradeep fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,this study constructed a depth-domain numerical velocity model that approximates the conditions of subsurface media.The 3D seismic forward modeling was performed using a seismic acquisition and observation system for practical production.Different interval velocities within the numerical model were smoothed and used to quantitatively analyze their effects on reverse time migration(RTM) images based on identical parameters.Using seismic simulation data as input,the isotropic and anisotropic depth-domain velocity models were constructed following a standard industrial workflow.A quantitative analysis was subsequently conducted to analyze the differences of the constructed models and corresponding migration images from the numerical velocity model and its RTM image across different intervals and for various geological features.Overall,this study quantitatively analyzes the velocity accuracy of different velocity types in various intervals and its influence on migration imaging, obtaining several clear insights.

Key words： ultradeep fractured-vuggy reservoir depth-domain velocity accuracy imaging accuracy quantitative analysis

收稿日期: 2025-02-07 修回日期: 2025-06-10 出版日期: 2025-08-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U24B6001);中国石化科技部项目(P25183);中国石化科技部项目(P24078)

通讯作者: 刘喜武(1970-),男,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为油气地球物理勘探。Email:liuxw.syky@sinopec.com

作者简介: 刘志远(1986-),男,硕士,副研究员,主要研究方向为地震处理成像技术。Email:lzy.syky@sinopec.com

引用本文:

刘志远, 刘喜武, 杨威, 张庆, 肖彦君. 地震速度模型精度及其对偏移成像影响的定量分析——以塔里木盆地超深层断控缝洞储集体为例[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(4): 925-932.
LIU Zhi-Yuan, LIU Xi-Wu, YANG Wei, ZHANG Qing, XIAO Yan-Jun. Quantitative analysis of seismic velocity model accuracy and its influence on migration imaging: A case study of ultradeep fault-controlled fractured-vuggy reservoirs in the Tarim Basin,China. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(4): 925-932.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.0026 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I4/925

Fig.1 塔里木超深层断控缝洞体油气藏三维数值速度模型

Fig.2 速度模型全局平滑效果对比剖面

Fig.3 不同尺度全局平滑速度模型对应的RTM成像剖面

Fig.4 不同层系速度模型平滑剖面

Fig.5 不同层系平滑速度所对应的RTM成像剖面

Fig.6 不同速度模型对应的层位匹配对比剖面

Fig.7 不同自建速度模型与数值模型速度误差百分比剖面

Fig.8 自建VTI模型速度误差百分比统计分布

Fig.9 不同速度模型所对应的RTM连井线偏移剖面

Table 1 ISO与VTI速度模型与数值模型的误差和井震深度误差统计

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