地震波逆时偏移中两种成像条件应用效果对比

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2019.1292

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摘要

成像条件是实现地震波场准确成像的关键环节,而优化逆时成像条件在改善逆时成像应用效果中的作用尤为明显。为此,从零井源距和非零井源距脉冲响应出发,系统对比了常规相关法逆时成像条件和基于行波分离法逆时成像条件的逆时偏移脉冲响应波场差异,分析了逆时偏移低波数噪声的成因机理及波场规律,同时以复杂断陷理论模型和SZ工区实际三维地震资料为例,系统对比了两种逆时成像条件的成像应用效果。研究结果表明,采用基于行波分离法逆时成像条件的成像结果能够有效衰减逆时偏移低波数背景噪声,恢复掩盖在这种背景噪声之下的有效地震成像信息,地层细节刻画更加清晰,这可为当前复杂波场和复杂构造高精度地震成像提供方法指导。

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	宋宗平
	陈可洋
	杨微
	李来林
	吴清岭
	范兴才

关键词 ：逆时偏移, 成像条件, 脉冲响应, 理论模型, 实际资料, 低波数噪声

Abstract：

Imaging condition is the key to realizing accurate imaging of seismic wave field,and optimizing reverse-time imaging condition is especially important in improving the application of reverse-time migration method.For this reason,based on the impulse response of zero offset and non-zero offset,this paper compares the reverse-time imaging condition based on one-way wave separation with conventional reverse-time imaging condition in detail.On the basis of the complex theory model and the real 3D seismic data of SZ working area,the imaging effects of two kinds of reverse-time imaging conditions are compared.The results show that the imaging results of the reverse-time imaging condition based on one-way wave separation can effectively attenuate the low wave number background noise,restore the effective seismic imaging information concealed under this background noise,and the stratigraphic details are characterized more clearly.These results can provide guidance for the high precision seismic imaging of complex wave fields and complex structures.

Key words： reverse-time migration imaging condition impulse response model study seismic data low wave number noise

收稿日期: 2018-07-27 出版日期: 2019-05-31

P631.4

基金资助:中国石油天然气股份公司重大科技专项“大庆油田原油4000万吨持续稳产关键技术研究”(2011E-1203)

作者简介: 宋宗平(1963-),男,汉族,博士,高级工程师,主要从事地震勘探技术研究。Email: songzongping@petrochina.com.cn

引用本文:

宋宗平, 陈可洋, 杨微, 李来林, 吴清岭, 范兴才. 地震波逆时偏移中两种成像条件应用效果对比[J]. 物探与化探, 2019, 43(3): 618-625.
Zong-Ping SONG, Ke-Yang CHEN, Wei YANG, Lai-Lin LI, Qing-Ling WU, Xing-Cai FAN. Comparison of the application effect of two imaging conditions in seismic wave reverse time migration. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2019, 43(3): 618-625.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2019.1292 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I3/618

Fig.1 2种逆时成像条件零偏移距脉冲响应对比
a—层状介质模型零偏移距观测系统;b—采用常规逆时成像条件对应的脉冲响应;c—采用基于行波分离法逆时成像条件对应的脉冲响应

Fig.2 2种逆时成像条件有偏移距逆时偏移脉冲响应对比
a—层状介质模型有偏移距观测系统;b—采用常规逆时成像条件对应的脉冲响应;c—采用基于行波分离法逆时成像条件对应的脉冲响应

Fig.3 不同逆时成像条件理论模型单炮逆时偏移结果
a—复杂构造速度模型;b—正演模拟单炮记录;c—常规逆时成像条件单炮偏移结果;d—基于行波分离法逆时成像条件单炮偏移结果

Fig.4 不同逆时成像条件理论模型逆时偏移叠加结果
a—常规逆时成像条件偏移叠加结果;b—基于行波分离法逆时成像条件偏移叠加结果

Fig.5 松辽盆地SZ工区不同逆时成像条件实际资料逆时偏移结果对比
a—常规逆时成像条件偏移叠加结果;b—基于行波分离法逆时成像条件偏移叠加结果

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