In the process of geological disaster investigation in the Xiangtan manganese ore district and its surrounding areas, the geological achievements were studied, the present situation of collapse in the area was analyzed, and the geophysical detection technology was used to make evaluation quickly and effectively. Firstly, the characteristics of geological, strata and structure in the area were described. Secondly, the existing subsidence area was studied and the geophysical methods were designed according to different typical areas. Finally, according to the drilling results, the evaluation of the collapse in the area was realized. The research results show that the detection effect is obvious, the regional collapse can be divided into four categories, and the geological disasters caused by it have unique characteristics. The results obtained by the authors provide the basic data for later treatment.