济南新旧动能转换起步区东部浅层地下水中氟的富集规律及成因分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.1035

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摘要

以起步区东部浅层地下水为研究对象,依据53组样品的水质分析结果,运用水化学成分图示、比例系数分析、相关分析、水文地球化学模拟等方法,分析浅层地下水中F^-质量浓度分布特征及形成机制。结果表明:浅层地下水中F^-质量浓度变化范围为0~2.85 mg/L,变异系数为72.78%,在水平方向上分布不均匀;高氟浅层地下水在水平方向上主要分布在西北部以及北部。高氟地下水的水化学类型较复杂,总体上弱碱性、低钙及高钠的浅层地下水环境有利于氟离子富集。浅层地下水中F^-富集主要受气候、地形地貌、水文地质条件的影响;浅层地下水对含氟矿物的溶解及自身的蒸发浓缩作用是高氟水形成的主要机制,此外离子交替吸附作用也对F^-富集产生促进作用。研究区北部浅层地下水中的F^-对人体的健康风险指数超过阈值,应进行管控。该研究成果为高氟地下水的开发利用提供了科学依据。

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	段乃金

关键词 ：浅层地下水, 水化学特征, 氟的富集特征, 成因分析, 起步区东部

Abstract：

Based on the water quality analysis of 53 sets of shallow groundwater samples from the eastern start-up area, this study examined the distribution characteristics and genetic mechanisms of fluoride concentration (F^-) using methods such as chemical composition diagrams, proportion coefficient analysis, correlation analysis, and hydrogeochemical modeling. The results indicate that the F^- concentration in shallow groundwater ranges from 0 to 2.85 mg/L, with a coefficient of variation (C_V) of 72.78%, and is unevenly distributed horizontally. Horizontally, shallow groundwater with a high F^- concentration (also referred to as high-fluoride groundwater) is concentrated in the northwest and northern parts of the study area. Such groundwater exhibits complex hydrochemical types, and environments with weak alkalinity, low calcium, and high sodium favor fluoride ion enrichment. The F^- enrichment in shallow groundwater is primarily influenced by climate, terrain, topography, and hydrogeological conditions. Primary mechanisms behind the formation of high-fluoride groundwater include the dissolution of fluorine-bearing minerals in shallow groundwater, as well as the evaporation and concentration of shallow groundwater itself. Additionally, the ion exchange and adsorption processes further contribute to F^- enrichment. The F^- concentration in shallow groundwater in the northern part of the study area exceeds the threshold of the human health risk index and thus should be dealt with. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the management and utilization of high-fluoride groundwater resources.

Key words： shallow groundwater hydrochemical characteristic fluorine enrichment characteristic genesis analysis eastern start-up area

收稿日期: 2024-01-23 修回日期: 2024-04-24 出版日期: 2025-02-20

ZTFLH:

P632

基金资助:济南市自然资源和规划局项目(2022CGFW01Z5135)

作者简介: 段乃金(1983-),男,高级工程师,主要从事水文地质、环境地质调查工作。Email:1019065529@qq.com

引用本文:

段乃金. 济南新旧动能转换起步区东部浅层地下水中氟的富集规律及成因分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(1): 248-257.
DUAN Nai-Jin. Patterns and genesis of fluorine enrichment in shallow groundwater in the eastern start-up area of new and old kinetic energy conversion in Jinan, China. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(1): 248-257.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1035 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I1/248

Fig.1 浅层地下水采样点分布

化学成分	最小值/ (mg·L^-1)	最大值/ (mg·L^-1)	均值/ (mg·L^-1)	标准差	变异系数/%
K⁺	0.00	9.69	1.00	1.49	149.69
Na	19.10	525.00	157.90	124.55	78.88
Ca²⁺	40.20	407.00	150.24	76.35	50.823
Mg²⁺	25.30	265.00	74.13	39.48	53.26
S $O 4 2 -$	39.80	1430.00	226.89	236.46	104.22
Cl^-	33.40	806.00	177.32	130.80	73.77
HC $O 3 -$	302.00	966.00	586.68	158.07	26.95
F^-	0	3.00	0.96	0.70	72.78
pH	7.26	8.00	7.67	0.19	2.46
TDS	501.00	3 038.00	1 173.66	526.14	44.83

Table 1 浅层地下水中主要化学成分特征参数统计

Fig.2 研究区地下水Piper三线图

Fig.3 浅层地下水中F^-质量浓度分布

Fig.4 F^-质量浓度与pH、TDS、Ca²⁺和 $HCO 3 -$ 质量浓度相关关系

Table 2 水化学类型与F^-的关系

化学成分	F	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	S $O 4 2 -$	Cl^-	$HCO 3 -$	PH	TDS
F	1.000	0.007	0.251	-0.687^**	0.103	0.050	-0.279^*	0.347^*	-0.011	-0.077
K⁺	0.007	1.000	0.249	-0.052	0.207	0.250	0.014	0.379^**	0.101	0.332^*
Na⁺	0.251	0.249	1.000	-0.204	0.641^**	0.729^**	0.235	0.684^**	-0.264	0.663^**
Ca²⁺	-0.687^**	-0.052	-0.204	1.000	0.039	0.010	0.581^**	-0.419^**	-0.077	0.328^*
Mg²⁺	0.103	0.207	0.641^**	0.039	1.000	0.922^**	0.476^**	0.529^**	-0.054	0.837^**
S $O 4 2 -$	0.050	0.250	0.729^**	0.010	0.922^**	1.000	0.357^*	0.508^**	-0.145	0.866^**
Cl^-	-0.279^*	0.014	0.235	0.581^**	0.476^**	0.357^*	1.000	0.009	-0.005	0.612^**
HC $O 3 -$	0.347^*	0.379^**	0.684^**	-0.419^**	0.529^**	0.508^**	0.009	1.000	-0.166	0.452^**
pH	-0.011	0.101	-0.264	-0.077	-0.054	-0.145	-0.005	-0.166	1.000	-0.164
TDS	-0.077	0.332^*	0.663^**	0.328^*	0.837^**	0.866^**	0.612^**	0.452^**	-0.164	1.000

Table 3 浅层地下水中 F^-与主要化学组分相关性统计

Fig.5 浅层地下水化学Gibbs分布

Fig.6 浅层地下水中F^-质量浓度与方解石(a)、白云石(b)、萤石(c)和石膏(d)饱和指数关系

Fig.7 浅层地下水中F^-含量与氯碱指数的关系

Table 4 浅层地下水健康风险评价结果

Fig.8 浅层地下水中F^-对儿童、成人健康风险评价

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