沿海滩涂区浅层地震不同类型激发震源适用性分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2021.1091

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摘要

受复杂地表地质条件影响,沿海滩涂区地质调查程度较低,限制了相关地质调查方法技术的发展水平。浅层地震勘探技术在沿海滩涂地质调查中作用显著,但其勘探设备在沿海滩涂的适用性问题制约了地震探测数据采集工作,尤其体现在激发震源的适用性问题上。文中针对沿海滩涂复杂的地表地质条件,在满足探测要求的前提下,以提高地震记录分辨率和信噪比、提高施工效率为目的,选取了轻便灵活的夯击震源、锤击震源、落锤震源和电火花震源开展高精度地震探测激发震源适用性对比分析试验研究,通过对比分析不同震源激发的地震记录得出结论:电火花震源激发得到的单炮记录反射波频率高、频带宽、同相轴连续性好、探测深度深、信噪比高、受风噪干扰影响小,且可有效提高浅层地震数据采集施工效率。实际应用效果表明,电火花震源在沿海滩涂潮间带区浅层地震探测中的适用性较好。

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	张保卫
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关键词 ：沿海滩涂区, 地质调查, 锤击震源, 夯击震源, 落锤震源, 电火花震源

Abstract：

Affected by the complex surface geological conditions,the degree of geological survey in coastal tidal-flat areas is quite low,which limits the development level of relevant geological survey methods.Shallow seismic exploration technology plays an important role in the geological survey of coastal shoals.However,seismic data acquisition in this area is restricted by the applicability of exploration equipment,especially the source.In order to meet the detection requirement in coastal tidal flats and consider the complex near surface conditions,the authors carried out an experimental study of applicability analysis of shallow seismic sources,which also took the resolution,SNR and work efficiency into consideration.Light and flexible sources were selected in this paper,orderly including the tamping source,hammering source,drop-hammer source and sparker source.A comparison between different sources shows that spark source gets the best performance in such aspects as reflection wave frequency,frequency band,continuity in seismic events,detecting depth,SNR and noise resistance,which can also improve the acquisition efficiency of shallow seismic detection.The application result shows that spark source has a good applicability in shallow seismic detection for coastal tidal flats.

Key words： coastal tidal flats geological survey hammering source tamping source drop-hammer source sparker source

收稿日期: 2020-02-26 修回日期: 2021-01-13 出版日期: 2021-04-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF01013504);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190556);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20208001);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20218002);物化探所中央财政科研项目结余资金项目(JY201703);物化探所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(AS2020Y02)

通讯作者: 岳航羽

作者简介: 张保卫(1980-),男,2007年毕业于长安大学,硕士,高级工程师,现主要从事地震勘探方法技术的研究工作。Email: zbaowei@mail.cgs.gov.cn

引用本文:

张保卫, 岳航羽, 王凯, 王小江. 沿海滩涂区浅层地震不同类型激发震源适用性分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2021, 45(2): 403-412.
ZHANG Bao-Wei, YUE Hang-Yu, WANG Kai, WANG Xiao-Jiang. Applicability analysis on different types of sources for shallow seismic detection in coastal tidal flats. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2021, 45(2): 403-412.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2021.1091 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I2/403

Fig.1 沿海滩涂试验区位置

Fig.2 夯击震源(a)与锤击震源(b)激发的地震记录

Fig.3 锤击震源(a)与落锤震源(b)激发的地震记录

Fig.4 滩涂围垦区落锤震源(a)与电火花震源(b)激发的地震记录

Fig.5 弱风条件下落锤震源(a)与电火花震源(b)激发单炮记录对比

Fig.6 中等风力条件下落锤震源(a)与电火花震源(b)激发单炮记录对比

Fig.7 强风条件下落锤震源(a)与电火花震源(b)激发单炮记录对比

Fig.8 泥质滩涂区落锤震源(a)与电火花震源(b)激发单炮记录对比

Fig.9 落锤震源(a)和电火花震源(b)激发地震记录的频谱分析

Fig.10 落锤震源(a)和电火花震源(b)激发得到的反射地震时间剖面

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