海洋电火花震源地震资料处理关键技术及应用

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.1224

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摘要

海洋电火花震源地震资料具有噪声干扰发育、子波形态复杂和电缆羽状漂移与起伏导致的信号畸变及多次波干扰严重等问题,严重影响了资料的成像品质。本文根据海洋电火花震源数据特征与处理难点,建立了海洋电火花数据处理流程,详细介绍了流程中的关键技术,如LIFT高保真噪声压制技术、电缆漂移校正技术、地表一致性模拟退火静校正技术、子波处理技术、自由表面多次波压制技术等。实际应用效果表明了该处理流程能够有效解决海洋电火花震源地震资料处理中的难题,提高资料的信噪比,恢复地震数据的子波频带,得到宽频成像效果好、地质现象清楚的地震剖面。该处理方法为海洋宽方位地震资料的应用提供了新的技术手段。

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	张兴岩
	曾维辉
	刘金朋
	张立霞
	杜广辉
	王发坤

关键词 ： LIFT噪声压制, 电缆漂移校正, 地表静校正, 子波处理, 多次波压制

Abstract：

Marine seismic data from sparker sources exhibit strong noise interference, complex wavelet morphologies, signal distortion due to cables' feathering and undulation, and severe multiple wave interference, all of which greatly affect the imaging quality of seismic data. Based on the characteristics of marine seismic data from sparker sources, this study established a data processing workflow and elaborated on the key technologies involved, including LIFT high-fidelity noise suppression, cable drift correction, surface-consistent simulated annealing static correction, wavelet processing, and free surface multiple suppression technologies. The application to actual data indicates that this processing workflow can effectively address the challenges associated with marine seismic data from sparker sources, improve the signal-to-noise ratio, restore the wavelet bandwidth, and produce seismic sections with superior broadband imaging and clearly defined geological features. This study provides a novel technical means for the application of marine wide-azimuth seismic data.

Key words： LIFT noise suppression cable drift correction surface static correction wavelet processing multiple suppression

收稿日期: 2024-05-24 修回日期: 2024-09-27 出版日期: 2025-02-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:中海油田服务股份有限公司科研项目(WTB20YF006);中海油田服务股份有限公司科研项目(WTB22YF010)

作者简介: 张兴岩(1982- ),男,汉族,江苏徐州铜山人,高级工程师,博士学位,毕业于中国矿业大学,主要从事海洋地震数据处理工作。Email:zhangxy2@cosl.com.cn

引用本文:

张兴岩, 曾维辉, 刘金朋, 张立霞, 杜广辉, 王发坤. 海洋电火花震源地震资料处理关键技术及应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(1): 166-176.
ZHANG Xing-Yan, ZENG Wei-Hui, LIU Jin-Peng, ZHANG Li-Xia, DU Guang-Hui, WANG Fa-Kun. Key technologies for processing marine seismic data from sparker sources and their applications. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(1): 166-176.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1224 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I1/166

Fig.1 海洋电火花地震资料处理基本流程

Fig.2 LIFT噪声压制示意

Fig.3 低频及涌浪噪声衰减炮集

Fig.4 低频及涌浪噪声衰减叠加剖面

Fig.5 线性噪声衰减炮集

Fig.6 线性噪声衰减叠加剖面

Fig.7 海洋电火花震源数据电缆漂移校正前、后效果对比

Fig.8 海洋电火花震源数据模拟退火法地表一致性剩余静校正前、后效果对比

Fig.9 海洋电火花震源数据SRME多次波压制前、后效果对比

Fig.10 电火花震源激发的地震子波及其频谱

Fig.11 海洋电火花震源数据子波处理前、后效果对比

Fig.12 海洋电火花震源数据噪声压制前、后的偏移剖面

Fig.13 海洋电火花震源数据电缆漂移与静校正后偏移剖面

Fig.14 海洋电火花震源数据子波处理后偏移效果

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