X凹陷A构造低阻气层成因机理分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2022.1416

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摘要

经勘探开发证实,X凹陷A构造H组地层Q₃c上部层段存在大量低阻气层。针对该层段地质沉积环境认识不清、储层微观认识不深入、气层低阻成因尚未明确等问题,以研究区3口井的测井资料为基础,结合钻井、录井资料和大量岩石物理实验资料开展相关研究。对研究区开展了基于薄片鉴定资料的岩石学、物性特征分析;通过连井剖面、特殊测井资料并结合大量岩石物理实验对低阻气层成因机理开展研究;基于数字岩心技术构建多组分导电模型,从微观可视化尺度证实了低阻气层成因机理,开展有限元电性模拟定量分析各低阻成因对电阻率降低的贡献。研究结果表明,由于高阳离子交换容量粘土矿物的存在以及良好物性基础上发育复杂孔隙结构,共同导致了研究区Q₃c上部气层的低阻响应。其中,粘土附加导电性对低阻响应的贡献为35.63%,良好物性条件下的复杂孔隙结构对低阻响应的贡献达到64.37%,电性模拟结果与测井电性特征吻合,证实了Q₃c上部低阻气层成因机理。

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	程仁杰
	孙建孟
	刘建新
	迟蓬
	吕馨頔
	胡文亮
	付焱鑫
	赵文兵

关键词 ：低阻气层, 粘土附加导电, 孔隙结构, 数字岩心, 导电模拟

Abstract：

As confirmed by exploration and development, many low-resistivity gas zones exist in the upper portion of layer Q₃c of the H Formation in structure A of Sag X. Given the problems such as unclear understanding of the geological sedimentary environment, insufficient microcosmic knowledge about the reservoirs, and unclear causes of the low resistivity of the gas zones, this study conducted extensive research based on the log data of three wells in the study area, as well as the data on drilling and many petrophysical experiments. Specifically, the petrological and physical property characteristics of the study area were studied using the thin-section identification data; the genetic mechanisms of low-resistivity gas zones were studied using the well tie sections and the special log data, as well as the data of many petrophysical experiments; the formation mechanisms of low-resistivity gas zones were confirmed from the microscopic visualization scale by constructing a multi-component conductivity model using the digital core technique, and the contributions of various low-resistivity geneses to the decrease in resistivity were quantitatively analyzed through the finite element-based electrical simulations. As indicated by the study results, the low-resistivity response of the gas zones in the study area is caused by the presence of clay minerals with high clay content and high cation exchange capacity and also results from the complex pore structure formed under the favorable physical property conditions in the anomalous high-pressure depositional setting. The contributions of the clay additional conductivity and the complex pore structure to the low resistivity are 35.63% and up to 64.37%, respectively. The electrical simulation results are consistent with the log-derived electrical characteristics, verifying the genetic mechanisms of the low-resistivity gas zones in the upper portion of the Q₃c.

Key words： low-resistivity gas zone clay additional conductivity pore structure digital core electrical simulation

收稿日期: 2021-08-02 修回日期: 2022-01-28 出版日期: 2022-12-20

ZTFLH:

P631.8

基金资助:青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室山东省专项经费(2021QNLM20001);国家自然科学基金(42174143);国家自然科学基金(41874138)

作者简介: 程仁杰(1998-),男,重庆云阳人,现为中国石油大学(华东)在读硕士生,主要研究方向为测井数据处理与综合解释。Email:582476598@qq.com

引用本文:

程仁杰, 孙建孟, 刘建新, 迟蓬, 吕馨頔, 胡文亮, 付焱鑫, 赵文兵. X凹陷A构造低阻气层成因机理分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2022, 46(6): 1369-1380.
CHENG Ren-Jie, SUN Jian-Meng, LIU Jian-Xin, CHI Peng, Lyu Xin-Di, HU Wen-Liang, FU Yan-Xin, ZHAO Wen-BING. Genetic mechanisms of low-resistivity gas zones in structure A of sag X. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(6): 1369-1380.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.1416 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I6/1369

Table 1 A构造3口井薄片鉴定分析统计

Table 2 A-2井岩心物性分析资料统计

Fig.1 Q₃c层段铸体薄片(10倍目镜×2倍物镜,单偏光)
a—A-2井Q₃c上部3 600 m;b—A-2井Q₃c上部3 607 m;c—A-2井Q₃c下部3 634 m

Fig.2 A构造3口井连井剖面

Fig.3 A-2井Q₃c层段FMI成像图像
a—3 596~3 602 m低阻气层段FMI成像; b—3 606~3 612 m高阻气层段FMI成像

Table 3 X衍射—全岩实验结果对比

Fig.4 高、低阻气层各类型粘土矿物相对含量直方图

Fig.5 高、低阻气层扫描电镜微观特征对比
a—A-2井高阻气层扫描电镜;b—A-2井低阻气层扫描电镜;c—A-2井低阻气层扫描电镜

Table 4 各类型粘土矿物阳离子交换容量

Fig.6 地层压力趋势

Fig.7 A-2井Q₃c层段核磁共振测井响应

Fig.8 高、低阻气层压汞曲线及核磁测井各尺寸孔隙占比
a—高、低阻各两块岩心压汞曲线对比;b—低阻气层中各尺寸孔隙占比;c—高阻气层中各尺寸孔隙占比

Fig.9 高、低阻两块数字岩心的矿物组分分布以及孔隙网络模型
a—低阻岩心全貌;b—低阻岩心长石组分;c—低阻岩心伊利石组分;d—低阻岩心孔隙网络模型;e—高阻岩心全貌;f—高阻岩心长石组分;g—高阻岩心伊利石组分;h—高阻岩心孔隙网络模型

Table 5 高、低阻两块数字岩心各矿物组分含量及物性参数

Fig.10 高、低阻岩心电性模拟对比
a—饱含水高阻岩心各组分分布;b—高阻岩心饱含水情况下的电流分布;c—饱含水低阻岩心的组分分布;d—低阻岩心饱含水情况下的电流分布;e—含水饱和度为40%时高阻岩心各组分分布;f—高阻岩心40%含水饱和度条件下的电流分布;g—含水饱和度为40%时低阻岩心各组分分布;h—低阻岩心40%含水饱和度条件下的电流分布

Fig.11 高、低阻两块数字岩心电性模拟结果
a—高、低阻两块岩心不同含水饱和度下电阻率的变化;b—高、低阻两块岩心电阻增大率RI与含水饱和度的拟合

Fig.12 4块岩心电阻率随含水饱和度的变化

Table 6 各低阻成因电阻率下降量分析及参数选取

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