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  • Table of Content
      10 April 2014, Volume 38 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Article
    THE KEY TECHNIQUE FOR APPLYING THE STRUCTURAL SUPERIMPOSED HALO METHOD TO THE PREDICTION OF THE BLIND ORE BODY
    LI Hui, YU Bin, LI De-liang, ZHANG Guo-yi, MA Jiu-ju, SUN Feng-zhou, REN Shu-guang, LIU Chun-lan, LUY Ming-guang, LI Shang, WEI Jiang, ZHAO Jia-xiang, WANG Jun, LI Yong-cai, WANG Yi-da
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 189-193.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.01
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1440KB) ( 841 )
    The structural superimposed halo method has been employed in search for blind ore bodies in more than 50 crisis mines, and the mine verification has provided the effectiveness of this method in predicting targets and seeking for blind ore bodies. There are four key techniques in this method: ① the acquisition of the firsthand information: the specific sampling method for the structural superimposed halo; ② the study and discovery of the axial zoning of the ore body-primary halo formed by each ore-forming process; ③ the recognition of the superimposed structures of ore body-primary halo in structural space formed by different phases of ore-forming processes; ④ the locating of the prognostic target. The train of thought and methods for studying the four key techniques are also described in this paper.
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    THE MAIN PROGRESS OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGY SINCE THE ELEVENTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN
    YANG Shao-ping, SUN Yue, GONG Qiu-li
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 194-199.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.02
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (461KB) ( 554 )
    The technique facing the needs of geology survey supported the work of national geochemical exploration since the 11th five-year plan. Regional geochemical mapping technologies were improved, technology systems of muti-purpose geochemical survey in transported soil coverage area were enriched, geochemical survey technologies on 1:50000 had a step forward, the world's first geochemical atlas of 76 elements were complied, the theory and method of deep penetration geochemistry made an important progress, the oil and gas geochemical exploration technique progressed in the twists and turns, geochemical date processing and mapping made a great progress, resource potential evaluation technique made a significant progress. It has formed the new patterns which pay equal attention to resources and environment in geochemical exploration. All the progress we achieved in geochemical exploration technology establishes the foundation for reaching world-class levels.
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    GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF URANIUM, THORIUM AND POTASSIUM ANOMALIES IN CHINA IN RELATION TO URANIUM MINERALIZATIONB
    FU Jin, ZHAO Ning-bo, PEI Cheng-kai, LI Xin-chun
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 200-204.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.03
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4146KB) ( 800 )
    The utilization of uranium, thorium, potassium isotope gamma spectra for uranium prospecting is an important means of radioactive exploration. Similarly, uranium, thorium, potassium elements in stream sediments can serve as important indicator elements for uranium geochemical prospecting and have played important roles in the evaluation of China's uranium resource potential. This paper discusses the effect and anomaly characteristics of uranium, thorium, potassium elements in stream sediments, and expounds geochemical distribution characteristics and regularity of China's uranium, thorium, potassium elements. According to percentages of strokes, the anomalies of these elements can be divided into ultra-high anomaly (abnormal inner zone), high anomaly (abnormal mesozone), anomaly (abnormal outer zone) and high background. the relationship between the distribution of uranium, thorium, potassium anomalies and uranium mineralization is also demonstrated in this paper. As can be seen, the distribution of uranium, thorium, potassium anomalies has obvious regional characteristics, the existing anomaly area are highly consistent with four major types of uranium mineral areas in China, and hence the anomaly distribution has great significance for the prediction and evaluation of uranium and thorium mineral resources.
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    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION METHODS IN THE XIAOXIGONG GOLD ORE DEPOSIT, GANSU PROVINCE
    YANG Fan, LIU Hua-zhong, SONG Yun-tao, WANG Cheng-wen, YU Jing-song, XU Ren-ting, HAN Wei, WANG Qiao-lin, GUO Zhi-juan, KONG Mu, ZHANG Hua
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 205-210.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.04
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1213KB) ( 459 )
    The Xiaoxigong gold deposit is an important deposit in Beishan arid desert gobi relict mountain landscape region. A comparative study of geochemical exploration methods and techniques were carried out in the Xiaoxigong gold deposit and its periphery. The authors conducted a systematic investigation into the interference characteristics of aeolian deposits in the stream sediments and soil as well as the effectiveness and applicability of the stream sediment survey and soil survey. The results show that soil survey should be taken as the first preference in the two geochemical exploration methods in the Xiaoxigong gold deposit and its periphery as well as in the areas whose arid desert gobi relict mountain landscape is similar to that of the Xiaoxigong gold deposit.
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    SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF W AND Sn IN CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ALONG A TRANSECT ACROSS SOUTH CHINA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
    ZHAO Qi-chao, CHI Qing-hua, WANG Xue-qiu, LIU Dong-sheng, LIU Han-liang, ZHOU Jian
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 211-219.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.05
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1704KB) ( 298 )
    South China is comprised of Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks bounded by the NEE-SWW extending Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault. In order to have a better understanding of the abundance and spatial-temporal distribution of each element in South China, the authors have conducted a geochemical investigation along a 2500 km transect in South China since 2008. 470 samples of fine-grained clastic sedimentary rocks from Middle Proterozoic to Cretaceous in age were collected from the Yangtze block to Cathaysia block at a spacing of 1 site/1~4 km. Analyses of 76 elements have provided us with an insight into the composition and distribution of major and minor elements in sedimentary rocks from Middle Proterozoic to Cretaceous. All the samples are characterized by significant fractionation of LREE and HREE and negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.67 on average). The significant depletion of Ca, Na and Sr and the high CIW values suggest intermediate to intense chemical weathering of the source rocks. Discrimination diagrams involving La, Th, Sc, Co, and Hf indicate a multiple lithological source composed of granitic, andesitic and felsic volcanic rocks. The geochemical features show that the samples were derived from distant and large provenances, and the concentrations of tungsten and tin of the samples can provide robust estimates of the composition of their region. Along the transect, the values of W and Sn decrease from southeast to northwest and descend abruptly near the Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault. The distribution of W and Sn matches well with the characteristics of W-Sn mineralization in the Cathaysia Block. The Cathaysia Block has high W and Sn relative to UCC, and peak values are existent in the Middle Proterozoic-Ordovician rocks, reflecting the high background in this block, which might explain the reason for the formation of the world's largest W, Sn metallogenic province.
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    GEOCHEMICAL QUANTITATIVE PREDICTION OF LEAD-ZINC RESOURCES IN CHALUKOU-TIANSHUIHAI AREA OF WEST KUNLUN MOUNTAINS, XINJIANG
    ZHOU Jun, REN Yan
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 220-226.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.06
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (5844KB) ( 448 )
    Chalukou-Tianshuihai area of West Kunlun Mountains in Xinjiang has favorable metallogenic geological conditions and considerable resource potential. Utilizing the newest 1:50 000 geochemical survey data of this area and employing GIS technique, the authors extracted such geochemical information as erosion extent, similarity and contrast value and, on the basis of establishing the geochemical prognostic model for typical lead-zinc deposit and the grade of lead geochemical anomaly credibility, adopted analogue method and planar metallometry to make quantitative prognosis of lead-zinc resources in the study area, thus providing the basis for work deployment of lead-zinc resource exploration and also offering a case study for the deep-going development and application of geochemical exploration data.
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    GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ORE-SEARCH TARGETING IN TONGLING-CHIZHOU AREA OF ANHUI PROVINCE BASED ON STREAM SEDIMENT SURVEY
    LU Shun-fu, ZENG Jian-nian, LI Jin-wei, ZHI Chao, YU Feng-li
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 227-233.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.07
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (2101KB) ( 559 )
    Based on the 1:200,000 stream sediment survey along the Yangtze River Fe, Cu, Au polymetallic ore-forming belt, the authors made a preliminary study of the geochemical anomaly characteristics in Tongling-Chizhou area. Factor analysis was employed for the elements, and the ore-forming elements assembly was determined. The ore-forming elements anomalies assembly was used to make geochemical division and, as a result, geochemical anomalies were delineated. Based on a comparative study of geological backgrounds and geochemical conditions, the authors conducted similarity analysis of the typical deposits in Tongling area and forecast Chizhou prospecting area. In consideration of the strata, structure, intrusive rocks and mineral resources in this area, the authors hold that it is feasible to use the ore-forming elements anomalies for geochemical division, which can effectively reflect anomalies caused by mineralization and highlight the mineralization information. Based on an analysis of the coupling between the similarity value calculations of the samples and the similarity graph of the typical deposit, the authors hold that Meijie Town in southern Chizhou City, the east side of Qingyang County, and the periphery of the Tongshan copper mine are most favorable areas in search for Cu polymetallic deposits.
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    SOIL GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LIANGJIAGOU ORE DISTRICT AND THEIR ORE-PROSPECTING IMPLICATIONS
    LU Ren, LIANG Tao, WANG Fu-gui, YANG Yong-qian
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 234-238.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.08
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (629KB) ( 550 )
    The preliminary study of the geochemical characteristics of the Liangjiagou ore district was based on the 1:10 000 geochemical soil survey. The study of element distribution features and element anomaly characteristics shows that the study area might be a potential area for Ag, Pb, Mo and W. Combining the element anomalies association features and geochemical-geological genesis of the ore district with the ore-search prospect, the authors consider that Binglenggou, Weizigou and Qiaogou should be regarded as the ore exploration targets.
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    THE PRIMARY GEOCHEMICAL PATTERN OF THE WEST BAIRENDABA ZINC POLYMETALLIC ORE DISTRICT IN INNER MONGOLIA
    XI Ming-jie, ZHU Li-xin, MA Sheng-ming, HU Shu-Qi, LIU Chong-min, WANG Hui-yan
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 239-247.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.09
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (3095KB) ( 469 )
    The West Bairendaba zinc polymetallic deposit in the middle and eastern part of Inner Mongolia is a typical hydrothermal vein-type polymetallic deposit. In this paper, element enrichment and depletion regularity, primary anomaly zoning sequence, vertical variation of geochemical parameters and the relationship between sulfur, iron and ore-forming elements in the rock samples of the deposit were studied. The results show that there exist positive anomalies of ore-forming and associated elements and negative anomalies of Ba, Sr and Na2O in the ore deposit which as a whole occurs in a depletion halo formed by the negative anomalies. The major indicator elements of the deposit include Zn, Ag, Pb, Cu, Cd, Sb and Hg, and the indirect indicator elements are Ba, Sr, Na, As, W and Rb. The axial zoning sequence of the primary anomaly in the ore deposit is Ag-Hg-Pb-As-Cd-Zn-Bi-Au-Cu-Sb-Na2O-Sr-Ba-W-Co-Mo-Rb, with the existence of the anti-zoning phenomenon of As and Sb. The high element content and vertical fluctuations of geochemical parameters show that the mineralization experienced a superimposition and complex process. The authors established an primary geochemical pattern for the ore deposit. As various types of anomalies indicate that the ore-forming geochemical system has not yet terminated in the depth, the authors infer that there possibly exist concealed blind ore bodies in the depth. The result obtained by the authors provides a basis for the prospecting work in the depth and the periphery of the ore district.
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    THE APPLICATION OF HYDROCARBON DETERMINATION METHOD TO THE PROSPECTING POTENTIAL EVALUATION OF THE BAIYUN GOLD DEPOSIT IN LIAONING
    WU Er, CHEN Yuan-rong, LIU Wei, LU Yue-ling, JIANG Hui-qiao, ZHANG Guan-qing, LAN Ni-la, GAO Xuan-bo
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 248-254.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.10
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4467KB) ( 332 )
    The authors systematically collected samples from the surface of the 11 prospecting lines above Ⅰ-1 ore body and from different elevations in theⅠ-1 ore body within the Baiyun gold deposit, Liaoning Province. Analysis of the correspondence between the spatial distribution of the abnormal indexes and the ore body was conducted so as to reveal the relationship between the secondary halos and primary halos. It is found that the hydrocarbon technique can be used in this area. In this paper, the authors summarized the geological and geochemical prospecting criteria of this area. By analyzing the hydrocarbon components and the abnormal distribution of some trace elements in northern Yaojialing together with the geological conditions of the abnormal areas, the authors made a comprehensive evaluation of prospecting potential and delineated the prospective areas.
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    THE APPLICATION OF HYDROCARBON MEASUREMENT TO THE EVALUATION AND PREDICTION OF MINERALIZATION IN THE WEILASITUO ZINC AND COPPER POLYMETALLIC ORE DISTRICT
    LU Yue-ling, CHEN Yuan-rong, LIAO De-hao, LUO Yi-cheng, LIN Li-bao, ZHOU Feng, YANG Liu
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 255-260.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.11
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (2123KB) ( 420 )
    With the hydrocarbon gas measurement technology as the leading means, in combination with some of the traditional trace element measurement techniques, the authors analyzed the distribution characteristics and temporal-spatial structure on the basis of establishing the geochemical anomaly zoning model and summarizing the ore-prospecting criteria for the Weilasituo zinc and copper polymetallic deposit and primary halo measurements of drill holes that control the depth of the ore body. The metallogenic evaluation of the deep part of the ore district was also made in combination with geological and structural characteristics. The results obtained by the authors show that there exists fairly good ore-prospecting potential in some deep parts of the ore district and that this new hydrocarbon gas measurement technology is suitable for the exploration of zinc-copper polymetallic deposits.
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    THE APPLICATION OF THE INTEGRATED GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING METHODS TO THE EXPLORATION OF THE HALAHE LEAD-ZINC ORE DEPOSIT
    LIU Bo, QIAO Bao-cheng, LI Hai-dong
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 261-267,277.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.12
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (7773KB) ( 632 )
    In order to carry out investigation of the Halahe lead-zinc deposit in Zalantun City of Inner Mongolia, the authors studied the characteristics of geophysical-geochemical anomalies and evaluation criteria of the deposit. According to the geophysical-geochemical anomaly characteristics and abnormal geological environment in this exploration area, the major anomaly combination of elements is composed of Pb, Zn, Ag and Cu, followed by As, Sb, Ag, Pb, Zn, Au, Cu, Mo and Bi. The relatively high polarization and low apparent resistivity represent the distribution and depth of the ore-bearing andesite. Based on the characteristics of ore-related and barren anomalies as well as the combination and zoning of the elements, the authors established criteria or indicators of geophysical-geochemical prospecting.
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    CHARACTERISTICS AND DEEP PREDICTION OF PRIMARY SUPERIMPOSED HALOS IN THE ZAOZIGOU GOLD DEPOSIT OF HEZUO, GANSU PROVINCE
    CHEN Guo-zhong, LIANG Zhi-lu, WANG Jian-long, ZHANG Yuan-ning, LI Peng-bing
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 268-277.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.13
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (8812KB) ( 365 )
    The Zaozigou gold deposit is located in the western segment of West Qinling Mountains. The authors conducted R type cluster and lineage analysis, factor analysis and element zoning index calculation for data obtained by the analysis of primary halo samples from the ore district. The cluster and lineage analysis shows that there exists close relationship between mineralization elements Au, Sb and front halo elements As, Hg. The factor analysis reveals that the first principal factor is positively correlated to the fourth factor but has no correlation with the second and third factor, suggesting that the four factors represent three different ore-forming stages. The primary superimposed halo axial (vertical) zoning sequence of the ore district based on element zoning index is As-Au-Sb-Hg-Ag-W-Co-Pb-Zn-Bi-Cu. The authors extracted primary halo prospecting geochemical information from the ore district and predict the deep second enrichment zone target and its resource quantity. The predicted source quantity is 5 t, suggesting considerable potential for expanding resource quantity in the depth of the ore district.
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    THE WALL-ROCK ALTERATION OF THE HYDROTHERMAL GOLD DEPOSIT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH GOLD MINERALIZATION
    HUANG Cheng, ZHANG De-hui, HE Cheng-Zhong, WANG Xin-yan, YU Xiao, Yin Hai-yan
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 278-283,288.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.14
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1737KB) ( 1053 )
    The hydrothermal gold deposit is always accompanied by wall rock alteration, which is of great significance for gold exploration. It is found that the wall rock alterations closely associated with the hydrothermal gold deposit include silicification, potassic alteration, albitization, carbonation, chloritization and propylitization, as shown by summary of different types of hydrothermal gold deposits. This paper has emphatically discussed the geochemical characteristics of silicification, potassic alteration, albitization, and carbonatation, and the reasons why gold mineralization is associated closely with these alterations. Alteration zoning of hydrothermal gold deposits is also briefly discussed.
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    PRIMARY AXIAL ZONAL SEQUENCE OF THE SANDAOWANZI GOLD DEPOSIT IN NORTHERN DA HINGGAN MOUNTAINS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
    HAO Li-bo, FENG Shuo-wei, ZHAO Yu-yan, LU Ji-long, ZHAO Yu
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 284-288.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.15
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1290KB) ( 427 )
    The Sandaowanzi gold deposit is located in the southeast of the Yanshannian Da Hinggan Mountains metallogenic belt. The anomaly distribution of primary halos and the characteristic distribution of elements were studied in this paper. Based on the data calculated by the improved method of Gregorian's zoning index, the zonal sequence of the primary halo is Mo-Sb-Pb-As-Bi-W-Zn-Ag-Cu-Hg-Te-Au. The zonal index comprising such associations as As·Sb/Au·Zn, Sb·Mo/Au·Zn, As·Sb·Mo/Au·Cu·Zn was used for the prediction of the deep ore bodies, which provides the basis for further prospecting in this mining area.
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    MINERALIZATION AND HALO-FORMING PATTERN OF THE DABAIYAN META-VOLCANICS COPPER POLYMETALLIC DEPOSIT IN GEJIU, YUNNAN PROVINCE
    TANG Kun, FANG Wei-xuan, GUO Yu-qian, ZHAO Jing-jing
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 289-294.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.16
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (4723KB) ( 303 )
    Using the tunnel engineering geochemical prospecting method, the authors found the main industrial components and accompanying and associated useful components in the ore block of Dabaiyan. The meta-volcanics copper deposit in the ore block of Dabaiyan within the Kafan ore field in southern Gejiu was taken as an example, which is famous for its tin ore development. The main characteristics of meta-volcanics copper deposit were summarized, and deposit elements were classified into three types: ore-forming elements, halo-forming elements and diagenetic elements. The relationship between metallogeny and halo-forming of the main industrial components as well as accompanying and associated components of this deposit is discussed.
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    THE PROSPECTING EFFECT OF DEBRIS GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY IN THE XIAOBINGGOU LEAD-ZINC MINING AREA IN SUBEI, GANSU ROVINCE
    YE Hong-gang, ZHANG De-hui, CHENG Zhu-hua, YE Hong-feng, WU Hu
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 295-303.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.17
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1876KB) ( 383 )
    The Xiaobinggou lead-zinc mining area is located in the Qilian cold landscape zone. With the R-model factor analysis method and parameter statistics based on data of 1:10 000 debris survey, the authors revealed the element assemblages in the study area, and delineated the single element anomalies and the comprehensive anomalies. Through the first-level anomaly inspection in the three sifted comprehensive anomaly areas which consists of geophysical exploration method, 1:10 000 field geological mapping and different degrees of trenching and adit exploration as well as drilling, the authors outlined the ideal ore bodies and achieved breakthrough in prospecting. Debris geochemical survey has been relatively rarely employed in this region, but the success of this method in guiding the prospecting work has proved its high efficiency in the Xiaobinggou lead-zinc mining area. So, debris geochemical survey can provide a reference for ore-prospecting work in the same sort of geochemical landscape areas.
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    MICROBIAL EXPLORATION OF OIL AND GAS IN TAIKANG UPLIFT OF THE EAST WING DU 20-3 WELL AREA IN SONGLIAO BASIN
    YUAN Zhi-hua, XU Li-wen
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 304-308.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.18
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1971KB) ( 207 )
    The authors used the microbial exploration technology to conduct oil and gas exploration on the east wing Taikang uplift Du 20-3 well area of Songliao Basin. With the microbiological anomaly as the basis, in combination with the existing regional geological, drilling and well logging data, and according to the distribution of oil and gas microbiological anomaly, the authors revealed the oil and gas enrichment regularity in the study area, and completed the delineation of the petroleum microbial anomalous zone. Starting with the sedimentary facies, the structure of the reflection layer depth contour, and the abnormal contrast of the adjacent areas, the authors analyzed the area of oil and gas prospect in detail, reached some conclusions and made some suggestions for exploration: the study area has poor oil and gas reserves and is basically an oil abnormal area; the degree of exploration is low in this area, and the comprehensive research should be strengthened so as to determine the oil-bearing series, provide an experimental basis for evaluation of the exploration area and the determination of well locations for drilling employment, and understand the oil and gas enrichment regularity in the whole study area.
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    COMPOSITION, SOURCE AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN THE SURFACE SEDIMENTS FROM THE BOHAI GULF
    HU Shu-qi, TANG Li-ling, MA Sheng-ming, WANG Hui-yan
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 309-317,324.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.19
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (879KB) ( 250 )
    PAHs, PCBs, OCPs in the surface sediments from the Bohai Gulf were measured by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer), and then their composition and distribution pattern were studied. The results show that the average values of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs are 108, 0.08 and 0.69×10-9, respectively, suggesting that the sea area is comparatively safe; nevertheless, PAHs tend to impair the health of the human being and marine creatures. Studies show that PAHs mainly originate from the land-based energy consuming, that PCBs comprise mainly high-Cl PCB with small amounts of low-Cl PCB, that the source of HCHs is mainly industrial discharge which later experiences transformation, and that DDTs of the sediments are mainly historical residues whose degradation depends on the anaerobe. A comparison with the similar research results shows that the pollution grade and ecological risk of PAHs, PCBs, OCPs in the sediments from the study area are at minimum levels, and exhibit decreasing tendency in the past ten years.
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    AN EVALUATION OF THE HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN THE PLOUGH LAYER AND CROPS IN SOUTHERN JIANGSU PROVINCE
    PAN Yong-min, LIAO Qi-lin, HUA Ming, GAO Mei, ZHU Bo-wan, JIN Yang
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 318-324.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.20
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (682KB) ( 416 )
    In the water system of the Taihu Lake in southern Jiangsu Province, the authors collected 3121 samples from the 0~20 cm plough layer soil as well as 103 samples from the seeds and root soil of rice and wheat within an area of 676 km2. The authors measured the concentrations of such heavy metals as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn as well as physical and chemical indicators such as the pH value. According to the statistic analysis of these samples, the authors have found that the average content of heavy metals in these areas is richer than the average level of Jiangsu Province except for As and Hg. Compared with the Mid-II Criteria of State Soil Quality Standard (GB156018-1995), the level of pollution is Hg>Cd>Cu>Zn>As>Pb. In terms of the distribution of pollutants, Hg mainly shows sheet pollution, while Cd mainly assumes point pollution. According to an analysis with Nemerowint pollution index method, the plough layer soil close to the urban area is on alert mainly for the sake of Hg, Cd and Cu, while the degree of pollution of plough layer soil in other areas is in the safe range. According to Standard GB2762-2005 and Standard NY861-2004, the content of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in rice seeds and the content of Cd, Zn and Pb in wheat seeds in the study area exceed the upper limits of the standards. Studies show that Cd, Cu and Hg in rice seeds and Cd and Cu in wheat seeds are positively related to the content of these heavy metals in the soil, suggesting that the heavy metals in crops mainly come from the soil. In contrast, other heavy metal pollutants may be mainly derived from other sources such as dustfall, irrigation, fertilizer and pesticides. The pH value of soil is negatively correlated to the content of As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Zn in rice seeds, negatively correlated to the content of Zn and Cd in wheat seeds, and positively related to the content of other heavy metals. According to the correlation analysis, As and Hg mainly come from the parent material, whereas the excessive Hg also reflects the effects of human activities. The content of other heavy metals is also significantly affected by human activities.
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    GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE Se-RICH SOIL IN CHONGQING
    YAN Ming-shu, GONG Yuan-yuan, YANG Le-chao, ZHOU Jiao, ZHANG Mao-zhong, BAO Li-ran
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 325-330.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.21
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1190KB) ( 407 )
    Geochemical characteristics and content of selenium (Se) in the topsoil of Chonqing City were investigated on the basis of measuring the topsoil in Chongqing obtained from gridding and section sampling. The content of Se in the topsoils of Chonqing City is (0.005~5.790)×10-6, and the background level is 0.197×10-6. The distribution of Se is controlled by the strata, the lithology of the mother rock, the types of the soil, the horizon of the soil and the controlling capability of the soil for enriching the Se. The Se-rich soil is distributed mainly in the Triassic, Permian, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician and Cambrian calcareous soil. According to the standard that the Se-rich soil should have the Se content of (0.4~3.0)×10-6, a total area of 3 684 km2 of Se-rich soil was discovered, which is distributed mainly in the south of Qiqiang-Wansheng-Nanchuan district, with a small amount distributed in places near the Chongqing main city, like Tianfu, Huaxi and Sanhui. It is inferred that there also exists over 10 000 km2 of Se-rich soil in Wulong-Youyang-Xiushan and Chengkou-Wushan areas. The Se-rich soil is favorable for enriching the Se in the primary product, because of the pH and the organic matter in the Se-rich environment. It has been proved that the primary products are green primary products in Beibei Se-rich soil area. The Se-rich soil in Chongqing has good economic significance.
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    RESEARCH OF MERCURY EXCHANGE FLUX BETWEEN SOIL AND AIR IN GUANGZHOU CITY
    LIU Fei, CHENG Hang-xin, YANG Ke, ZHAO Chuan-dong, LI Kuo, PENG Min, LIU Ying-han
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 331-338.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.22
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1286KB) ( 231 )
    The mercury fluxes between soil-air interfaces in 5 lawns of Guangzhou City were monitored by using a dynamic flux chamber coupled with a Tekran 2537A Ambient Mercury Vapor Analyzer. The average value of the mercury fluxes between soil-air interfaces in 5 monitoring points was 7.341±9.714 ng·m-2·h-1. The effects of environmental factors on the mercury fluxes were examined. The soil mercury concentration affected the releasing capability of Hg in soils. The mercury exchange fluxes showed significant positive correlations with total solar radiation intensity and soil temperature and significant negative correlations with the pH values. It was also found that the rainfall and vegetation significantly affected the mercury fluxes.
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    SPECIATION CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTENT OF CHROMIUM IN DIFFERENT MEDIA AROUND A CHEMICAL FACTORY
    JIA Zhong-min, YANG Le-chao, ZHOU Jiao, FENG Han-ru, YAN Ming-shu, LI Wu-bin, GONG Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Mao-zhong
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 339-344.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.23
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    Speciation characteristics and content of chromium (Cr) in different media around a chemical factory were studied to understand Cr pollution status in soils and its bio-availability. The media included soil, dust fall near the surface, bottom sludge, waste residue, and water. The sheet abnormal chromium areas centered at the chemical factory were found. The Cr content of waste residue and some bottom sludge reached one hundred or thousands times the soil background value. The Cr concentrations of topsoil and atmospheric dust samples were similar when the distance was taken into account, suggesting that the dust fall of the chemical factory is the main source of large-area pollution of Cr anomaly. Chromium in media exists mainly in residual speciation, but the average proportion of bio-available Cr in waste residue and potential bio-available Cr in some bottom sludge is 9.52% and 51.08%, respectively. Chromium has a significant negative effect on the health of organisms in the study area due to its high concentration and biological activity. Thus, it is essential to take measures to protect the ecological environment and plan the reasonable land use.
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    MODES OF OCCURRENCE OF Hg IN Hg POLLUTION SOIL OF CITIES
    WANG Zhi-feng, TANG Li-ling, MA Sheng-ming, HU Shu-qi
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 345-348.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.24
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (364KB) ( 426 )
    The modes of occurrence of Hg in Hg polluted soil of 13 cities, such as Beijing, Shenyang, Changchun, Nanjing, Guangzhou and Lanzhou, are described. Hg pollution was found in different cities through Hg occurrence analysis and heat-released Hg analysis. Mineralogical method has proved the above conclusion. HgS is the main mode of occurrence of Hg in polluted soil. Cinnabar which is the crystal mineral of HgS exists in soil. The appearance rate of cinnabar in soil increases with the Hg content in polluted soil. The results have significant theoretical and practical value for eco-geochemical evaluation which has been carried out extensively in China.
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    THE SELENIUM-RICH CHARACTERISTICS OF SOILS AND PLANTS IN SHITOU RIVER AREA,SHANXI PROVINCE
    YIN Zong-yi, WANG Hui-feng, REN Rui, PENG Li-hua, CHAO Xu, LU Ting, WANG Ming-xia
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 349-353.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.25
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    The abundance and deficiency of soil selenium is closely related to the health of human being and animals.According to the classification definition standard of soil selenium amount put forward by Li Jiaxi,it is confirmed that there exist selenium-rich soil (0.2~0.4×10-6) and selenium-moderate soil (>0.4×10-6) in Shitou River area.The analytical results of wheat seeds show that the Se amount is up to the standard of selenium-rich wheat.A study of the modality of Se in the soil shows that the Se content change of stream sediments and cinnamon soil,water soluble state,residue,Fe-Mn oxides and carbonate-bound selenium is in order of paddy soil >stream sediment >cinnamon soil.Soil pH value has a great impact on the amount of ion exchange state selenium,and the addition of a certain mount of CaCO3 can improve pH value in acid soil and is in favor of increasing the solubility of selenium.
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    THE EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND CRITERIA OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS IN SOUTHEASTERN HEBEI PROVINCE
    XU Guo-zhi, DENG Jin-huo, XU Jin-peng, TIAN Heng-chuan
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 354-358.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.26
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    Rare earth samples were systematically collected from surface water (n=37), groundwater (n=31), stream sediments (n=81), soil (n=242) and rocks (n=472) in southeastern Hebei province. In order to study the content of 14 kinds of rare earth elements (REE) based on their reference values and the distribution pattern of REE, the authors employed statistical analysis and the method of lithologic exposure weighting. Based on the migration of the elements and the pattern of the rock-soil-stream sediments-groundwater and surface water, the authors hold that, with the evolution of soil, REE are concentrated in soil and the HREE are more obviously concentrated than the LREE; Eu seems to change from negative anomaly in rocks and soil to positive anomaly in groundwater and surface water. Groundwater and surface water have similar content and distribution patterns of REE.
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    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DATA INTEGRATION METHODS FOR GEOCHEMICAL AND CULTIVATED LAND QUALITY INVESTIGATION
    SANG Ling-ling, GAO Ge, YUN Wen-ju, ZHU De-hai
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 359-362,376.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.27
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    Land quality geochemical assessment and cultivated land quality evaluation constitute the basic work of the land resources quality investigation and evaluation. Integration research on the two results is an inevitable trend between the current data sharing and cross-disciplinary data integration. In this paper, from data independence, results practicability and scientificity, the two results were combined by simple superposition method, comprehensive method or factor method. With Qianguo County in Jinlin Province as a case study area, the authors investigated the advantages and disadvantage of the integration results. The results show that different integration methods had different advantages and disadvantages: the simple superposition method based on data of two results could maintain their respective independence; the comprehensive method based on the results is easy to express, but with too much emphasis placed on experience; the factor method based on two survey data can clearly express the physical meaning, but with insufficient theoretical support.
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    THE APPLICATION OF THE RNAP METHOD TO THE PROSPECTING WORK IN THE LIWAXIA LEAD-ZINC DEPOSIT OF THE LIUPAN MOUNTAIN, YINXIA
    GAO Si-xin, ZHAO Qiang, WANG Chao, LI Xi-hu
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 363-369.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.28
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    In the appraisal of geochemical anomalies, the distinction between the anomaly related to mineralization and the barren anomaly and the determination of major ore-forming elements constitute the major problem that geochemical researchers have to face. The existence of the composite anomaly composed of more than ten elements makes the problem more complex. The adoption of the "contrast anomaly amount" parameter can quite simply help determine the major metallogenic elements and evaluate the anomaly so as to guide the ore-prospecting work. The practical application of this method to lead-zinc ore exploration in Liupan Mountain area shows that the determination of major elements in both regional geochemical anomaly and ore district anomaly is consistent with the drilling result. It is therefore held that this method is helpful to the determination of major elements in geochemical anomalies and hence deserves popularization.
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    A STUDY OF GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION SPATIAL CLUSTER IDENTIFICATON BASED ON LOCAL SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION
    Nguyen Tien-thanh, LIU Xiu-guo, REN Ze
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 370-376.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.29
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    Using local Moran's and indexes, the authors studied spatial cluster of 1482 stream sediment samples in a specific area of 8130 km2 on the scale of 1:200000. The comparison of the anomaly range computed by robust statistics with that computed by local spatial autocorrelation shows that local Moran's index can well detect relatively weak spatial cluster and small areas while local index is suitable for spatial cluster detection in a strong degree of spatial cluster and large areas. The degree and area of geochemical spatial cluster by using these approaches accord with the objective reality and are in good conformity with known deposits (ore spots).
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    THE APPLICATION OF THE TERNARY DIAGRAM TO GEOLOGICAL BODY DIVISION AND ANOMALY EVALUATION IN REGIONAL CEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
    GAO Hong-sheng, ZHANG Quan, CAO Shu-ping, XU Fang, ZHANG Ya-na, CHENG Xu-jiang
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 377-384.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.30
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (2165KB) ( 464 )
    Using geochemical information obtained in Sous-Massa-Dela area of Morocco, the authors adopted the method for drawing the ternary diagram to infer the covering situation of the geological body as well as the intensity of element composite anomaly and predict types of mineral resources. Based on sieving rock-forming elements with strong correlation, this method utilizes the element content data of three units to realize mapping and deduces the geological body and evaluates the composite anomaly of metallogenic elements based on the color chart of the ternary diagram. The results obtained by the authors show that the ternary diagram method is quite effective in dividing the geological body, delineating the distribution of composite anomaly of metallogenic elements and predicting distribution of polymetallic mineral resources. It is proved that the method can reflect the characteristics of geological division.
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    AN INTRODUCTION TO XG-7Z ZEEMAN MERCURY MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENT AND THE ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR TRACE CONCENTRATIONS OF MERCURY
    WEI Jian-shan, DOU Zhi, DENG Yan-long, ZHANG Qin
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 385-392.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.31
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1083KB) ( 257 )
    The mercury vapor and its compounds would be relatively concentrated to form mercury gas halo in geological structure, metallic ore deposits, pollution sources and such places as ancient tombs and ruins. These characteristics of mercury can be utilized to conduct mercury survey, geological structure investigation, mineral exploration and pollution source delineation so as to apply mercury more extensively in industrial and agricultural production. The authors made a simple description of the method and instrument principle and discussed in detail the analytical means and application results of trace and minor amounts of mercury in various kinds of samples. Aimed at solving such problems in mercury analysis as the complex operation before processing and poor reproducibility, the authors put forward the utilization of the direct mercury measurement method to determine the mercury in solid powder samples. With this method, samples don't need being processed, and mercury waste gas will be discharged after harmless treatment with absorbing agent. The method is characterized by fast analysis and high accuracy; in addition, it needs no chemical reagent and has no harm to human body.
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    THE APPLICATION OF THE MICROWAVE DIGESTION-COLD ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY TO THE DETERMINATION OF Hg IN THE PLANTS
    CHEN Hai-jie, YU Zhao-shui, XING Xia, ZHANG Xue-mei, ZHANG Qin
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 393-395,401.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.32
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (647KB) ( 341 )
    For the purpose of simplifying the determination of Hg in plants and improving sensitivity and reliability of the result, samples were firstly treated through the micro-wave digestion process and then reduced with the SnCl2. After that, the element Hg in the samples was detected with the cold atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The best solution for the samples digestion and the optimal work parameters of the test instrument were obtained during the experiment. The detection limit is 0.30×10-9 (dilution factor 100), RSD (n=12) is between 2.09% and 6.05%, and the recovery for the sample is in the range of 94.1%~105.5%. The method was applied to the determination of Hg in biological national standard reference materials and the results show its accuracy and reliability.
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    THE AUTOMATIC METHOD FOR ANOMALY NUMBERING AND ANOMALY EVALUATION
    ZHANG Mao-zhong, YANG Le-chao, CHEN Qi-wei, YANG Zhen-hong
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 396-401.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.33
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1242KB) ( 373 )
    The anomaly numbering and anomaly evaluation classification reguire heavy workload and high technique. The Visual Basic program can realize full automation of anomaly numbering and anomaly evaluation. This method is rapid, accurate and flexible in that it can process geochemical data of 3 600 km2 on the scale of 1:50 000 within one hour. Firstly, the Visual Basic collects the background value of different geological units. According to the working scale, it chooses suitable parameters such as search radius and point controls area during its operation. By using temporary memory, the program searches for independent anomaly of each element, automatically numbers the anomaly and works out the abnormal parameters, and finally finds out each composite anomaly. The output includes such items as the coordinate origin of the anomaly of each element, the maximum value of anomaly, the average value of anomaly, the coefficient of variation, the enrichment coefficient, the superimposing strength, the anomaly area, the areal productivity, the element sequence of each composite anomaly, the contact ratio of anomaly, and the composite index of anomaly evaluation. The output provides more complete information about anomaly for choosing and creating new indexes of anomaly evaluation classification.
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    THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF ANOMALY STRUCTURE THREE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEM
    GAO Yan-fang, GONG Qiu-li
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2014, 38 (2): 402-407.   DOI: 10.11720/j.issn.1000-8918.2014.2.34
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (950KB) ( 332 )
    With the geochemical multidimensional anomaly system, the development and application of geochemical anomaly structure's 3D visualization have been carried out. Geochemical anomaly structure applied to the deep ore body prediction collects samples from drill core to get geochemical 3D data. So researchers urgently want to explain and map them. The geochemical anomaly structure system has been developed on the platform of MapGIS K9 using 3D visualization and 3D geological model technology. It has not only realized the integrating of data models on the ground and underground but also the integrating of solid models and attribute models. Analyzing geochemical anomaly structures and exploring ore models could be done in this system. The thought and technology for 3D anomaly structure and its application in the Matou mining area of Anhui Province have been elaborated in this paper.
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