In view of the remarkable depletion of such major components as CaO, MgO and Na2O in the drill holes,

in combination with the obvious alteration zoning and the mineralization characteristics of the Wunugetushan

porphyry CuMo deposit, the authors have found that the information of the depletion of CaO, MgO and Na2O in the

drill holes has reflection at surface. In this paper geochemical characteristics of 47 kinds of elements in this

ore deposit were studied. The enrichment and depletion characteristics of these elements as well as the overall

element geochemical features comprising metallogenic elements and such components as CaO, MgO and Na2O are

discussed in detail. In addition, a model for geochemical anomaly structure of the Wunugetushan porphyry CuMo

deposit is put forward. The results obtained by the authors are of great significance in improving and perfecting

the geochemical exploration method and theory for CuMo porphyry deposits.

As an important prospecting technique and an effective means for obtaining mineralization data,

geochemical exploration has been proved to be very successful in mineral exploration. This paper focuses on

commenting the present research situation and application effect of some new methods such as structural

superimposed halos method, heat released mercury method, separatory electrogeochemistry method, enzyme leach, and

geogas and selective leaching of mobile metals method. It is emphasized that any one of these methods has its

unique applicability and that, in the practical application, we should pay attention to the cooperation of

geochemical exploration, geologicalgeophysical exploration and remote sensing and depend on the study of

geological background so as to demonstrate the usefulness and effectiveness of geochemical exploration.

The M15 magnetic anomaly (Dongwan anomaly) is a key prognostic area for copper and nickel deposits, to

which geologists both in China and abroad have paid close attention. As this anomaly lies in a fully covered area,

previous researchers considered it to be caused by an ultrabasic body. Using the gravity and magnetic method to

compare it with the magnetic anomaly related to the known Baijiazui ultrabasic body, the authors have reached the

following conclusions: The M15 anomaly is a noncognate gravity and magnetic anomaly characterized by

combinational magnetic high and gravity low and a rather large buried depth; the magnetic anomaly might result from

the ultrabasic rock below 1 200 m in depth, whereas the gravity low anomaly is probably caused by the Longshoushan

Proterozoic basement depression with a buried depth of 1 000 m or so. These findings are of active significance in

expanding copper and nickel resources.

 Since the adoption of liquid trapping agent, the observation accuracy of geogas has been greatly

improved through purification of reagents, utilization of superclean environment and  improvement of the

collecting device. Geogas anomalies appear over concealed deposits, and a favorable effect is obtained in ore

prospecting. This paper describes the features of geogas element distribution over concealed metallic deposits, in

loessial overburden areas and on alluvial plains. Geogas survey is an effective geochemical means and can be used

in search for concealed deposits in similar landscape areas.

 Geochemical anomalies of gold and tungsten in Ningdun area are dominated by the element association of

AuAsWBi. These anomalies are well coincident with the structural rifting belt. They are  characterized by

high intensity, extensiveness, and remarkable zoning, and are evidently controlled by NEtrending faults. Both

secondary and primary anomalies exist in the area, as revealed by highintensity sampling in stream sediments,

soil and rock profile survey and geological investigation across the profile. The inspection method has been proved

to be effective. Anomalies occur in places of numerous folds and rifts, where there exist granodiorite porphyries

with such highbackground elements as Au and W, abundant material sources and heat as well as excellent geological

settings for mineralization. There are four mineralized bodies of gold, but they are not consistent with the

anomalies there in intensity and dimension. In addition, oreforming elements of Au, W and Mo are as high as

associated elements of As and Bi in content in mineralized altered rocks of the rifting belt. All these features

suggest good prospects in search for Au, W and Mo in the area.

The Liqingdi silverleadzinc ore district of Inner Mongolia is situated in the eastern section of the

Daqingshan goldsilver polymetallic oreforming belt on the northern fringe of the North China Platform. Its

basement is outcropped mainly as Achaean moderatelyhighly metamorphic sequence of the Jining Rock Group, with the

superimposition of Mesozoic intense volcanismmagmatism, thus forming a multiply superimposed composite

metallogeic area. Ore bodies are mainly distributed in the outer contact zone between the Yanshanian granites and

the Jining Rock Group of marbles. Magma was emplaced along faults and thermal solution was diffused along fissures

and replaced wall rocks, resulting in the enrichment of lead, zinc and silver in shatter zones to form industrially

significant ore deposits. Grade-A geochemical anomalies delineated in Liqingdi area are caused by silverdominated

polymetallic ores with anomalous elements such as Ag, Pb, W, As, Au, Bi, Hg, Sb and Zn. Element associations are

complex, showing distinctive concentration zoning and enrichment centers. This pattern of multielement anomalies

indicates that there exists potential for the prospecting of gold and silver polymetallic mineral resources in this

area and that the geochemical indicators are relaiable.

The Stype and the Itype granite are distributed widely in Hebei province,which the first  type hasn't

ore potentiality ,but the second type has better ore potentiality and widespread mineralization. The Hebei province

high precision aieromagnetic data have been analyzed in this paper, We sums up and compares the anomaly character

between the S-type and the I-type granite, and distinguish the anomaly between ores and barren rocks, aieromagnetic

anomaly of the two types of granites are illustrated respectively and the causes of magnetic anomaly are also

analysed.and last the targets are been indirectly delineated.

 In the investigation and evaluation of geothermal resources in Kaifeng depression, the authors employed

magnetotelluric sounding method and, through an analysis of data obtained from 50 measuring points along two

profiles, performed inverse processing of the profiles according to effective apparent resistivity data. On such a

basis, the conditions of fault structures in this area were found out in terms of their electrical character,

important geological boundaries were recognized, the basement undulation and water richness of the strata were

investigated, and the limits of geothermal anomaly in this area were delineated.

 Large-area low resistivity strata are existent in a certain leadzinc ore district of Gansu Province.

In the application of CSAMT to exploring concealed leadzinc ore bodies, the authors measured and analyzed in

detail electrical characteristics of rocks and ores in this ore district. It is concluded that low resistivity and

high resistivity anomalies are not caused by mineralization, whereas the transitional area of the low resistivity

anomaly is the favorable area for ore prospecting. Based on such an understanding, the authors arranged drill holes

and obtained satisfactory oreintersecting results.

The Sandaozhuang superlarge MoW ore deposit of Luanchuan is located in the eastern part of the

conjunction between the southern margin of the North China Platform and the Qinling folded system. Based on a

discussion on the metallogenic geological setting, the authors studied the ore material composition. Mineral

species and content vary remarkably in different types of ores. Division and comparison were made for mineral

constituents of various ore types according to their components and formation stages. The major useful components

seem to be Mo and W. In addition, S and Re can be retrieved for comprehensive utilization. The modes of occurrence

of various elements were also analyzed. According to mineralization characteristics, mineral association and

formation sequence, the oreforming process can be divided into three phases composed of six stages. The results

obtained are of reference and guiding significance in search for similar ore deposits.

 Central loop measurement has covered the full zone in the past 20 years. Nevertheless, articles dealing

with response features of the mediumdistal zone are very insufficient, which has caused perplexity among the

users, for example, the late delay response value is larger than the early delay response value (ε-overshoot)；the

results observed by two sorts of instruments are considerably different from each other at the same measuring

point. These problems have been analyzed in detail in this paper, and the results show that there basically exist

four basic response features in the mediumdistal zone, and the "ε-overshoot" is only one of them. The intensity

distortional response is caused by the receiver coil delay. Therefore, the coil character should be exactly known

and the transmitter loop length should be carefully selected before the performance of the survey in the field.

This paper expounds the development and preparation process of the acidolysis hydrocarbons standard

sample for surface geochemical exploration. Based on tests on the uniformity and stability of the acidolysis

hydrocarbon standard sample, the authors can guarantee that the standard sample is in line with the related

requirements. Through quite a few statistic analyses of analytical data on the acidolysis hydrocarbon standard

sample, the authors determined its value and uncertainty. The preservative conditions and term of validity of the

standard sample are fixed on the basis of relevant experiments.

 Vibroseis exploration, as an important method of seismic exploration, has become increasingly valued by geologists. During the field work, different geological conditions need different parameters, and the choice of suitable excitation parameters has become a very important problem. This paper mainly introduces six kinds of parameters, namely numbers of controlled seismic source, scanning bandwidth, vibration period, scanning length, scanning slopes, and vibration rate. The influence of these parameters on the quality of seismic records was studied in detail, and the simulation of the proper parameters was performed in Jiulishan area to enhance the resolution of vibroseis exploration and improve the signaltonoise ratio of seismic records.

 In order to simulate the real medium underground more correctly, this paper puts forward a new method of local random position or given position arbitrary shape intercepting combined with multiscale random modeling technology. From the existing theory of the random modeling, the local disturbing position is given in the effective modeling area and this position is taken as the central point of each disturbing distribution. Two model characteristic quantities, namely the local disturbing radius R and the local random or given disturbing angle , are introduced, and all sorts of different random medium models are simulated by the method of local position arbitrary shape intercepting and filled with each random medium. This paper presents basic steps and application examples of the model.

The transient electromagnetic method is an effective method for detecting the distribution extent and characteristics of the minedout area. Nevertheless, the measured data cannot be obtained accurately by common measurement mode of the transient electromagnetic method where there exists high electromagnetic interference. This paper introduces a "8"shaped grapheme measurement mode with strong antiinterference capability, with which a better minedout area prospecting result was obtained in Fangshan District of Beijing. High resolution resistivity profile was got through profile prospecting and corresponding time domain resistivity imaging data processing. The distribution extent and characteristics of the minedout area were also deduced. It is thus thought that this method can provide a new means for high electromagnetic interference minedout area prospecting and the scientific basis for tackling and preventing land collapse aggravation.

An analysis of the properties of the thermomagnetic technique shows that thermomagnetic components are not wholly equivalent to iron and manganese oxides. This paper deals with the prospect of applying the thermomagnetic technique to geochemical exploration in the aspects of determining the association of effective indicator elements, judging properties of secondary anomalies and searching for concealed ore deposits. The preliminary test results of the thermomagnetic technique are also given.

 Based on an analysis of the working conditions and surveying characteristics of the audiofrequency magnetotelluric sounding method and the induced polarization method in combination with case studies of water exploration in Baoding, the authors put forward in this paper a technological model which include the combination format, operating principle and data interpretation of the two methods. The model was applied to the practical work, with satisfactory result obtained.

 Theory and practice show that the observation of the transient magnetic field in the TEM has more advantages than that of the induced EMF. With the application and improvement of the hightemperature superconducting technology, the direct observation of transient magnetic field signal has become a reality in the TEM. However, the retrieve interpretation method for transient magnetic field data has become an urgent problem. In this paper, drawing on the interpretation method of the induced EMF, the authors made an overall explanation of the definition of apparent resistivity based on a study of the transient magnetic field and probed into the TEM transient magnetic field for PSEUDO2D inverse technology. From the theoretical model and the measured data, the authors have verified the practicality of the method, which can provide technical support for the development of the hightemperature superconductor TEM method.

Analog spectroscopy based on peak sampling and holding circuit can't realize the airborne spectral measurement that uses several large size NaI(Tl) crystals This system makes use of Y/U double channel digital controlled gain amplifier to adjust the spectral drift. The designed digital spectroscopy uses high speed ADC and CPLD to complete baseline restore and peak height acquisition, thus improving the energy resolution. With this method, the maximum pulse through output rate is 100 k/s, the spectral drift is ±1 channel, and the start energy is less than 20 keV. This system has low power dissipation, small volume and high reliability. It can be used to perform airborne spectra measurement.

This paper introduces filter factors respectively in downward continuation and derivative calculation for calculating the threedimensional normalized full gradient field of gravity anomaly. The authors deduced the computing formula and the process for achieving its numerical value, and then gave the specific calculation procedure. Characteristics of 3D normalized full gradient of gravity anomaly in the homogeneous oil sphere coronal model were analyzed. It is concluded that, for oil sphere coronal, the 3D normalized full gradient field has the following features: no matter whether it is in a figure of central section or in that of a slice, only when the suitable cutoff frequency is obtained can the "two folders and one low" of typical characteristic signs of oilgas reservoir be shown; otherwise, it is similar to the model of homogeneous sphere coronal which shows characteristics of a single peak anomaly. In addition, the position of "two folders and one low" in the contour map of normalized full gradient field is usually the position and depth of the oil sphere coronal.

There exist changes of magnetic anomaly on account of oblique magnetization in aeromagnetic interpretation, especially in low magnetic latitude. When the area of the aeromagnetic map compilation is very large, the anomaly characteristics of similar magnetic bodies can be very different if they separately lie in the south and in the north, which will increase the difficulty of the aeromagnetic interpretation. This paper deals with the application effect of the magnetic map of the reduction to the pole with zonation and different inclinations in the largearea aeromagnetic interpretation by integrating theory with practice.

 Locations and strikes of such main structures as faults and synclines in Zhangfang area were detected by using the method of Schlumberger electric sounding. Also, the distribution of Quaternary in the survey area was zoned based on the data from geophysical detection. The final results of drilling logs show that the method of electric sounding is quite powerful and effective in the exploitation of groundwater in mountain areas on condition that reasonable polar distances and profile directions are assigned.

In recent years, the volcanic reservoir has become a new focus in reservoir prediction. Generally, fractures constitute an important factor of the volcanic reservoir, and volcanic rocks are characterized by  variation of spatial distribution and complex internal lithology. Therefore, the detection of fractures in volcanic rocks is considered to be an research challenge. Based on the theory of prestack elastic impendence inversion and azimuthal anisotropy, this paper presents an idea for predicting fractures in the volcanic reservoir with prestack seismic data. First, the prestack elastic impendence inversion, as a highresolution inversion method, is introduced to predict the volcanic reservoir; then the change of kinetic property of seismic wave caused by fractures is analyzed, and the density and direction of fracture are predicted with the azimuthal anisotropy; finally, the distribution of volcanic reservoir as well as fractures is estimated comprehensively. The key to this idea is "detecting fractures with the thought of finding volcanic reservoir", and the special advantage of the method lies in its high resolution and outstanding prediction accuracy. As an example, this idea was used for reservoir prediction in a test area, with a satisfactory result obtained.

The Pingnan buried hill hydrocarbon reservoir is a combination of new source rock and old reservoir, dominated by Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate rocks. Fractures constitute the main accommodation space for petroleum in the reservoir, and the key to the exploration of the buried hill hydrocarbon reservoir is to find fractures in rocks. According to geometrical properties of the fractures, this paper puts forward a method for forecasting and describing the fracture system in the reservoir based on multiple geometrical properties. This method can describe the distribution of fractures quantitatively, and the test results have been proved by the drilling data.

 In Sulige area，when gas saturation is lower than 70%, the change of Poisson's ratio is not obvious, and the application of AVO technique to detecting gas potential does not yield satisfactory result. The elastic impedance method based on Fatti approximation uses prestack data for inversion and includes abundant lithologic and fluid information. Nevertheless, its shortcomings in the aspects of the unstable solution in small angles and the low inversion precision built in wet rock background are also very obvious. The improved Fatti approximation formula is more stable, and its inversion precision built in the known regional rock property relationships between variables for the background case is raised. Practice demonstrates that the application of the crossplot of LambdaMuRho attributes extracted from the elastic impedance inversion volume is very effective in low gas saturation detection in Sulige area，as evidenced by the clear reflection of the reservoir information.

 The 9th Block of the Tahe Oilfield reservoir is a block with complicated fault system and edgebottom water in the lower section of the lower oil formation. Petrel software is used for the 3D geological modeling of this block, which makes full use of drilling, seismic, well log and stratigraphic correlation data. This paper presents a practical 3D geological model through seismic inversion, integrated with lithofacies curves and porosity and permeability curves as well as evaluations of various stochastic models and modeling methods available.

 Frequencydomain airborne electromagnetic data usually have block errors, and the conventional method commonly uses the pseudo tieline semiautomated leveling method to solve this problem. This method needs to input many parameters, and the operators must have experience. This paper presents a pseudo tieline automatic leveling method. First, the 1D filter is used to filter out the high frequency mobile geological anomaly and get the median values including the values of background and leveling error. Through the derivation of the pseudo tieline, the mutation point interval statistical method is used to determine the mutation point position of the leveling border so as to divide the nonleveling region. In the direction of the pseudo tieline, a certain distance is extended from the border to determine the pseudo tieline. In this range, the median filter is used for the border mutation points, and then the background value is obtained in the range of pseudo tieline. The difference between the background value and the median value is used to obtain the leveling error, which is finally combined with the raw data results to obtain the leveling result. This method needs to input fewer parameters and can automatically divide leveling areas, thus greatly reducing the intensity of work and human errors. At the same time, it can effectively eliminate block errors and retain real geological anomalies.

The generation of batches of GPS coordination is one of the most important tasks before the performance of the magnetic field work. This paper deals mainly with the batch generation of measuring point coordinate for magnetic field work by using Microsoft Visual C++ and Mapgis. The authors successfully designed and implemented a software witch could generate a batch of GPS points for magnetic field work and successfully used it in the TonganXiaoniuchang magnetic survey project of Sichuan Province.

In view of the randomness and spatial structure of the variogram, the authors used the integrated variogram and weighted linear programming fitting methods to fit the model parameters in the main directions. This was conducted in accordance with the structure of the anisotropy, and the variogram calculation and automatic fitting of the spherical model were realized. In order to ensure the success rate of fitting spherical model, the algorithm also provided pairwise relative variogram methods which could effectively inhibit the impact of outliers on the variogram. This algorithm was realized in VC++6.0. Using the fitted model, the authors obtained grid files by interpolation of the sample region. Crossvalidation and contour map show a relatively high fitting degree.

Basic thinking of the second order difference section is described in this paper. In the application of the highdensity resistivity method to exploring concealed karst and underground rivers in a certain tailing sand bank, quite abundant geological information was obtained by introducing the second ore difference section, and hence fairly satisfactory geological results were attained.

 Pure 3D elastic wave numerical simulations require huge computation resources, which is not conducive to scientific research when computer configuration is not high. 2D elastic wave numerical simulation cannot accurately represent 3D situation, and the simulation results are relatively unsatisfactory by using the traditional 3D pseudo spectral method when the model and spatial distribution of wave field are complex. Thus, based on high accurate oneorder elastic wave equation expressed with velocity and stress, this paper uses 2.5D numerical simulation method to calculate the partial derivatives of yspatial orientation by Fourier transforming and the partial derivative of x, y spatial orientation and time domain by finite difference. This method can hence compute the 3D elastic wave field in 2D media. This paper also simulates the multiwave wave field in anisotropy media using 2.5D numerical simulation method, which shows that the 2.5D numerical simulation method is an efficient and accurate forward method. This method can also be adapted to complex models. Through wave field analysis, the authors further understand the propagation law of the seismic wave in anisotropy media.