This paper deals with the basic conditions, formation characteristics and genetic mechanism of the abruptly-occurring geothermal spots in Zhejiang Province, and gives a practical example illustrating the application of the geothermal geophysical and geochemical method to exploring the abruptly-occurring geothermal spots. It is pointed out that there exist quite a number of geothermal spots and geothermal anomalies in the area where the abruptly-occurring geothermal spots are crowdedly distributed, and hence the area has abundant potential geothermal resources. Spread around important cities, this area possesses good exploitation and utilization conditions and hence is the geothermal prospect area with most promising exploitation vista in Zhejiang Province.

Under the specific geological condition, the combination of different geophysical exploration methods can satisfactorily avoid multiple explanations and uncertainty so as to obtain a relatively ideal interpretation. Exemplified by the Qixian geothermal area, this paper points out that the combination of the radon surveying method and the magnetic method is an effective means in search for geothermal resources.

The forest-swamp landscape area has very complex geographic conditions and is composed of numerous sublandscape types.Large-area regional geochemical landscape researches have not yet been sufficiently carried out.Based on characteristics of the forest-swamp area of Heilongjiang Province and starting with the main weathering forms and the affecting factors in the forest-swamp area,this paper has classified the sublandscape types of the forest-swamp area in Heilongjiang Province.

In uranium exploration of Siping area, the CSAMT method which has relatively high anti-interference capacity was adopted to conduct the study of uranium metallogenic geological environment. According to technological condition test of this method and sounding test beside the well, the technological parameters suitable for this area were determined, various electric layers in relation to corresponding strata in the prospecting area were defined, and the electric distribution characteristics of the sand bodies were detected. On such a basis, inference and interpretation of the data obtained by the CSAMT method were carried out. Drilling verification shows that the geological results of this method are satisfactory.

The cross-hole electromagnetic wave-penetrating method has particular advantages in detecting ground fracture zones and caves. It can also be used to detect indirectly the distribution of soft soil and soil caves by analyzing their development regularities and their relationships with caves or grooves. Examples in this paper show that this method can optimize design,obtain valid data,identify anomalies and improve application effects on the basis of fully understanding the karst geological characteristics.

Based on analyzing and summarizing the examples of applying the resistivity sounding method to the differentiation of the salt water bed from the fresh water bed in Ala'er basin, this paper emphatically discusses the relationship between the variation of the electric sounding curve and the mineralization intensity of the aquifer. It is pointed out that the characteristic points (e.g., inflection points) of the curve are key electric anomaly indicators for the correct differentiation of the salt water bed from the fresh water bed. The effectiveness and the application vista of this technique in differentiating Quaternary salt water bed from fresh water bed are also expounded.

Tong-na-ba area is a mountain area, where the complicated surface and underground structures have caused great difficulties in seismic exploration. This paper presents the seismic data acquisition method and experience in the mountain area. The emphasis is placed on surface structure survey, shot and receiving experimentation. The design principles and the illumination method are expounded with an example given. Practice shows that the acquisition method presented in this paper is helpful to the improvement of seismic data quality in the mountain area.

This paper deals with the principle and method of the utilization of the digital technique to design the velocity model of stratigraphic elastic wave, recounts the algorithm of seismic ray tracing method and makes calculation by using its reflection and refraction wave time-distance curves to the digital model. With practical examples, the paper analyzed the correlation between the complex velocity structure and the seismic profile. The achievements made can guide the interpreter to design a stratigraphic model according to practical geological conditions and make calculation, and the result can be obtained very fast.

Electric exploration methods as the traditional geophysical surrey vessel is playing important role in exploring metallic ore. Different metallic ore brought out from different circumstance, accompanying ores were not different too. The physical parameter of the mines was not same, so geophysical exploration ambiguity is come. In addition, ore body was under the influence of different geologic structure, which made the grown shape of the ore body was complex .It cause the precision of geophysical exploration lower. The practical example in mineral prospecting is introduced in the article. From the result, the combined of different electrical methods in geology exploration can do implement and confirm each other and obtain abundant exploration information, in the same time can enhance the reliability of geology interpretation. We can get the well exploration result in the end.

The small structure survey problems should be solved in the project performance and the geological disaster investigation. The transient electromagnetic method volume effect of loop-source is small. The equivalent action sphere is narrower than the galvanic resistivity sounding method and the frequency sounding. So the transverse and the longitudinal resolution is high. The application of the TEM to detecting the faulted structure fracture zone and the coalfield mined-out zone can yield good effects.

Common reflection surface (CRS) stack, which depends on three attributes of the seismic wave-field, is a seismic imaging method independent of the macro-model. Based on the similarity of common reflection point trace gathers in one coherent zone,CRS stack can focus more energy on the vicinity of the reflector, and therefore can obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio zero offset section by stacking events with the same phase. The effectiveness and practicability of the method have been proved by applying it to the real seismic data.

The authors applied wavelet analysis to the data processing in airborne radioactive survey, and analyzed the effect of wavelet used in spectral data processing. It is shown that the method of wavelet analysis for spectral data processing can gain more true and more ideal information than the traditional data processing method, and can accurately identify information which is beyond the main energy windows. Thus, the weak information included in airborne radioactive data can be obtained, and the geologists can get more information of the studied objects. The resolution of man-made radioactive nuclides can be improved by using low-energy spectral information in the airborne radioactive survey.

This paper describes a method for automatic drawing of analytical map with Winsurfer. Winsurfer provides a script development environment: Gsmac. Being a script process developed under Gsmac, the technique is easy to operate. If the data and the interior belt, intermediate belt and outer belt of each element as well as grade documents *.LVL and grid documents of geological maps of various composite anomalies are prepared, the analytical graphic atlas can be drawn automatically.

Based on a systematic investigation into the environmental quality of soils on the outskirts of a city, it has been found that the pollution of heavy metals in soils in the study area is mainly composed of Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn and Cd.The pollution is characterized by large extension and low content, being the typical dispersive pollution type. There also locally exist some hot pollution points with high contents of pollutants. The study of the occurrence modes of pollutants shows that there may exist "chemical time bombs" of heavy metals in the study area.

The environmental pollutant has the same lead isotope composition as its source, and hence we can determine the accurate contaminative source through the study of lead isotope composition. In recent years lead isotope tracing has been playing its unique role in studying the source and migration of heavy metals in soil. As Tl and Pb have similar geochemical characteristics, the distribution and migration of Tl in the surface soil of the Yunfu pyrite mine have good correlation with Pb. In this study, therefore, the element and lead isotope tracing was used to study the migration of thallium in soil. Element and lead isotope tracing shows that thallium pollutants are mainly accumulated in top soil of about 0-16.5 cm, and that the soil is subjected less pollution in deeper soil. The soil around the slags at the depth of some 44 cm is affected by Tl leaching from the slags.

Loquat is a kind of economic fruit with very high medicinal value. Researches on geochemical characteristics of elements in loquat from several areas with different mother rock types show that the elements are concentrated in different organs of loquat, and that different species of loquat are enriched in approximately the same sorts of elements, with somewhat different degrees of enrichment. Beneficial and nutritional elements are more concentrated in leaves than in other organs. Harmful elements do not exceed the standard. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Zn and Cu make up the main nutritional elements for loquat fruit.

The 1:200 000 regional geochemical survey conducted in Shangcheng and Gushi areas of southern Henan Province has yielded geochemical information of 40 elements and laid geochemical foundation for the study of ecological geochemistry. Southern Henan Province is one of the areas where endemic diseases frequently occur. The improvement of environmental conditions and the control of endemic diseases constitute urgent tasks for governments at various levels. A tentative ecological geochemical assessment is made in this paper on the basis of information obtained from regional geochemical survey.

Exemplified by the densification flexible compound foundation, this paper deals with the feasibility of the application of multi-channel transient Rayleigh wave and ground-probing radar technique assisted by a few loading tests to the integrated appraisal of the effect and uniformity of flexible compound foundation reinforcement, with a comparison with the traditional test methods such as loading test. The results show that this method can rapidly and effectively make semi-quantitative and quantitative appraisal of the effect and uniformity of flexible compound foundation reinforcement and reflect the continuation and range of the variation of foundation reinforcement effect, thus more rapid, effective, economical and objective than the traditional test methods in many aspects.

The development of the Horizon Directional Drilling and the technical specification of some pipeline instruments are described in this paper. The distribution features of abnormal points of H_x,H_z about the primary electromagnetic field in different depths on the linear electric current are analyzed. The theory to ascertain the underground iron pipeline is proposed. Some probing technological measures in frequency electricity, current and long grounded pole to improve the accuracy of underground pipelines buried deeper than three meters are suggested here. The applicable condition for the determination of the depth of the rather deep underground pipelines using horizontal magnetic field intensity is proposed. Three examples of pipeline probing in Guangzhou are given in this paper, in which the pipelines cross very wide rivers and long distances and the depths are deeper than 10 m.

This paper presents the application of new-generation X-ray fluorescence analysis instrument (XRF) to the exploration in a certain place of Xinjiang. Some methods were used to correct the base matrix effect, moisture effect and roughness effect. More than twenty elements can be analyzed simultaneously. This instrument can play an important role in such aspects as in-situ soil and rock analysis and anomaly follow-up and verification.

This paper deals in detail with a new type electric refrigeration semiconductor detector for detecting X-ray as well as its application to X-ray spectral analysis. By means of electric refrigeration used in the detector, the trouble of adding liquid nitrogen to traditional Si(Li) semiconductor detector can be removed.