Based on a brief review of the development history of he surface wave exploration, this paper deals emphatically with the essentials of the surface wave exploration technique and the advances in the natural source surface wave exploration and artificial source surface wave exploration in the past ten years, and points out some problems which deserve much attention in future utilization and development of this technique.

Northern Qilian region, in which more than two hundred ore deposits or spots, including Baiyin, have been discovered, is an important VMS mineralization province in China. Except for Baiyin, however, no remarkable breakthrough has been made in exploration of large deposits. This is attributed to the fact that these ore deposits or spots occur in outcrop areas around the basin and no effective technique could be used to explore the covered area. After the geogas survey was adopted in ore exploration in Heihe basin in 1998, Laidoutan and Bailiugou orebodies were found under thick overburden. These results indicate that geogas survey, as a useful means for VMS deposit exploration, can play an important role in mineral exploration in the covered basin, and that Heihe basin is likely to have potential in finding a superlarge Baiyin-type VMS deposit. The authors suggest that further geogas survey should cover the whole basin to delineate the prospect areas in combination with other techniques such as geophysical exploration and soil mercury survey. It is hoped that the discovery of VMS deposits in Heihe basin will lead to a series of considerable breakthroughs in looking for VMS deposits in other basins such as Subei, Menyuan and Tianzhu in Northern Qilian region.

The discovery of superlarge silver-lead-zinc deposits in Bairendaba and Weilasituo is the newest achievement in ore-prospecting work in Inner Mongolia. It is a typical case of utilizing integrated geophysical and geochemical methods to find superlarge ore deposits in the past fifty years. The prospective reserves are Ag>8 000 ton, Pb+Zn 3 million ton in the Bairendaba ore district, and Ag>2 000 ton, Pb+Zn+Cu 3 million ton in the Weilasituo ore district. These two ore districts might be developed into superlarge silver polymetallic ore fields. All these achievements have opened up a brilliant vista in mineral resource exploration and evaluation along the central south section of Da Hinggan Ling region.

Based on geological, geophysical and geochemical prospecting in the Huangshan nickel-copper deposit and the Xiaoerquan zinc-copper deposit, the authors have predicted nonferrous metallic resources in the western part of the East Tianshan Mountain on the basis of regional geological, geophysical and geochemical data obtained by the multi-statistics method and the GIS spatial analysis method. The results show that Seerteneng, Tonghuashan-liuhuangshan, Mishenguo,Maanqia and Caihuaguo areas have lots of favorite conditions in search for large-size ore deposits.

Based on a comprehensive studies on geological,geochemical characters of Au mineralization body alteration belts,it is concluded that the gold type deposit related with tectonic alteration rock.According to known ore-belts of the South and the North mineralizing characteristics,the deposit exists in the west part of the district.More prospecting and investigating work should be done to find out more deposits in this area.

Based on a systematic study of the results obtained from the geophysical and geochemical exploration in the Donggou deposit, the authors generalize in detail the three-dimensional distribution regularity of the ore deposit. The data of geophysical and geochemical exploration were used step by step. The discovery of the superlarge Donggou Mo deposit not only deeply affects the stable development of Mo industry in China in coming decades but also provides rare and valuable experience in search for more molybdenum resources in the Mo mineralized zone of East Qinling-Dabieshan areas. The geophysical and geochemical exploration should be further used as a necessary means.

Using background values of several groups of strongly correlated elements obtained in 1:200000 regional geochemical survey, the authors made a tentative division of geological lithologic units in the survey area. A comparison between the division result and the geological maps available shows quite good consistency. This method can play a fairly good auxiliary role in geological mapping.This paper also analyzes the cause for inconsistency in local areas and probes into the method for solving this problem.

Applying the integrated electrical method comprising such means as vertical electric sounding, sounding of induced polarization and transient electromagnetic sounding, in combination with the regional hydrogeological conditions, the authors conducted underground water exploration in the piedmont water-deficient region of the Qilian Mountains in Hexi corridor, which had been regarded as water-poor or no water area by previous workers. As a result, extensive water-bearing layers characterized by high apparent resistivity were found in great thickness of deep Quaternary clay sediments and Tertiary mudstone beds. More than twenty hydrogeological drill holes confirm that inflow of water per well is greater than 2 000 cubic meter per day, mineralization of water is less than 1.0 gram per liter and success rate for arrangement of wells is higher than 95 per cent. The work conducted by the authors has not only completely solved the problem of drinking water sources in this region but also accumulated a wealth of experience for underground water exploration in similar regions. It yields notable social benefits and also has a certain research value.

Based on study on the characterization of three dimension and constant-wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectra,the similarity and characteristic peaks of various crude oils and natural gases have been proposed.The types of crude oils and natural gases can be identified by three-dimensional contour spectra.Three-dimensional contour spectra and constant-wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectra can be used in judging polluted samples of synthesizing well log by the wavelength and intensity of the emission peaks.The constant energy synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy offers the advantages of greater sensitivity and selectivity for marine sediments, which contain ample aromatic hydrocarbon molecules,than the constant wavelength synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.In addition,the geological information must be considered when the analytical date is applied.

Situated in a low magnetic latitude area around the magnetic equator, the island of Hainan Province and the extensive South China Sea are in a horizontally magnetized environment. The characteristics of ΔTanomalies caused by magnetic bodies in the area differ greatly from those in the middle magnetic latitude area of mainland China, which has long baffled the understanding and interpretation of the anomalies. Through the application and study of the measured data, the authors analyzed in this paper the relations between Z_a, H_a and ΔT anomalies in different magnetized conditions, put forward interpretation train of thought and a "phase reversal 180°" interpretation method for ΔT anomalies in the low magnetic latitude area, improved the stability of magnetization direction transformation (reduction to the equator or the pole, etc.) and the inclination-variant transformation method, and also discussed the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the total derivative norm of ΔT anomalies. It is considered that these approaches can solve the interpretation problem of the magnetic anomalies in a low magnetic area, and also help to understand and interpret the global magnetic anomalies.

Under the complex surface condition, the shotpoints and detection points cannot be properly arrayed. This causes shallow layer indentation and low signal-to-noise ratio at depth. With Buan-7 area as an example, this paper, aimed at solving these technical problems, has studied the change-the-view techniques and methods. The achievements made can remedy shallow layer data indentation and increase times of deep layer overlapping, thus proving to be effective.

This paper discusses the utilization of the mine transient electromagnetic method to detect the location of hydrological borehole that lies in the coal layer or in front of the laneway, and gives a qualitative appraisal of its hydrous characteristics. The response characteristics of the hydrological borehole reflected in the apparent resistivity pseudo-section are summarized. It is detected that the anomaly assumes circular response in the same direction as the coal layer and shows narrow elliptic response in the direction of the top and bottom of the coal layer. This method also has wide prospects in detecting the structure of the collapsed column.

A new method is proposed to fill the 3D contour field. It can be used not only to render the filled 3D contour of one datum, but also to render the three-dimensional overlapped contour of various data in the same measuring zone that represent different physical properties on one surface. It seems that the filled contour field of outer layer data is an infinitely stretched semitransparent coverage that is paved on the existing surface. This can intuitively reflect the relationship between various physical data. As the complex phenomenon will occur caused by the intersection or superposition of contours of different data, more factors should be considered in filling color of the contour field. This technique is realized on the basis of regular grid data, and its principle can be used in Triangle Mesh.

As there is some bad effect in TEM explore, such as the noise,weak signal, primary field.For better survey effect,it is of utmost importance to data preprocessing.Now we go into these data preprocessing problems—data composite filter,and the enhanced process for weak information,and anomaly separation.Some case history result appeared.

In the 0.1~10 Hz frequency range of the frequency-domain IP method,the frequency characteristics of the apparent resistivity amplitude determined only by IP effect can be approximately expressed by a linear function of frequency logarithm,and the variation of apparent resistivity amplitude affected by electromagnetic coupling can also be roughly expressed by a power function of frequency.Therefore,multiple frequency measurement is used to remove electromagnetic coupling effect in the frequency-domain IP method.The SQ-3 dual-frequency IP instrument has four frequency groups,and the frequency used is from 1/13Hz to 8Hz,just in the application area of the two approximate formulas.The authors applied the idea of multiple frequency decoupling to process dual-frequency IP data,and put forward the multiple frequency group decoupling method according to dual-frequency IP characteristics.The application of the method to field data processing shows that the decoupling result is satisfactory.

The hybrid method has been an effective technique for numerical stimulation of electrical logs in recent years, and is an integrated partially numerical and partial analytical technology. Recurring to the continuity conditions of the electromagnetic field, the new hybrid method probes into numerical stimulation of resistivity logs, brings forward transformation formulas on the interface of two adjacent layers rather than using the reflection and transmission matrix theory in the analytical section, and calculates the normal resistivity log response in a simple formation model. The new method proves to be highly precise compared with the finite element method (FEM) and the previous hybrid method.

The authors made initial location of the main shock of M_L= 6.7 and aftershocks of totally 117 events with magnitude M_L>1.0 for Delingha earthquake sequence till October 25, 2003, using the location intersection technique, and relocated 117 events using Double Difference Algorithm. It is known that the epicenter of the main shock was 37.566°N and 96.509°E, and the focal depth of the main shock was 13 km. The distribution of the aftershocks epicenters was consistent with the fault plane of 294° obtained from the focal mechanism of Harvard. The relocation results for the Delingha earthquake sequence clearly indicate that the seismogenic structure of the Delingha earthquake sequence is the NWW-SEE striking and NE-dipping Da Qaidam-Zongwulong Mountain modern active fault belt through the focal region. It is also indicated that the maximum horizontal main stress in this regional stress field is in the direction of about N24°E to N34°E .

Arsenic distribution characteristics in environmental media have been discussed in this paper.Arsenic distribution in the second soil environment is mainly attributed to man's activities,such as coal burning,mineral smelting and agricultural sewage dumping.Arsenic mainly exists in soil surface as stable minerals.Soluble arsenic is correspondingly high wherever the total arsenic content is high.Arsenic is likely to be fixed by iron,aluminum and calcium to form arsenides.When pH in soil rises to neutral or alkali,arsenic is easily transformed into tervalent arsenic which has stronger migration capability and toxicity.Arsenic is obviously harmful to crops and human beings. Arsenic in vegetables is more harmful than in corns.More effective measures should be taken to prevent and tackle arsenic pollution in soil.

An investigation of geochemical environment for grape growth was conducted in Dazeshan grape-producing area. The regularity governing the movement and enrichment of elements in the soil-plant system was studied. The results show that there are certain relationships between elements in soils and in plants, and that elements in leafs are correlated well with those in leafstalks. Some elements vary considerably in different kinds of grapes with high levels in leafs and leafstalks. Elements in grape planks are distributed according to their chemical characteristics rather than to grape categories. The soil quality in Dazeshan graperies meets the first-rate demand of the National Soil Environmental Quality for Orchard. The effective quantity of Mg and that of Ca are correlated well with the acidity and the sweet for grape taste, respectively.

As a new strain monitoring technique, linear monitoring has been gradually spread all over the world. With practical engineering examples, this paper deals with the characteristics, reliability and advanced nature of the linear monitoring principle.