Following an account of the tremendous hazards in the exploration of ore resources, the author advances the viewpiont that the reduction of such hazards depends on the formulation of new concepts and the development of new techniques.A series of new concepts concerning exploration geochemistry put forward by the author and his cooperators since 1980s are enumerated in this paper.Based on these concepts, strategic and tactic deep-penetrating new geochemical techniques have been developed.The new strategy for exploration of ore resources formulated on such a basis may remarkably reduce the hazards and uncertainty in the exploration of ore resource and cut down the cost.

This paper gives a brief account of some new methods and techniques developed by experts of Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration since 1987 with a view to seeking for concealed ore deposits and improving ore prospecting effects in the field of geochemical exploration for ore resources.These methods and techniques include techniques for sieving and inspection of 1:200000 regional geochemical anomalies, geogas survey, active state survey of metals, extraction and measurement of valence state gold, electric and new attempts at botanogeochemical survey.

Recent advances in geochmical analytical techniques developed by the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration were reviewed in this paper.These techniques include geochemical reference materials, geochemical multielements analytical systems, development of analytical instruments, new analytical techniques and methods, laboratory metrology accreditation and professional talent training.

Exemplified by the gradual extension of the Caijiaying lead-zinc-silver deposit, the discovery of the Tongyushan concealed copper deposit in the Budunhua ore district, and the finding of deep copper deposits in Baiyinchang and Xiaotieshan, the present paper describes the method, technique and effects of applying integrated geophysical survey to the prospecting for deep deposits and the spatial location of orebodies (or anomalies), and indicates the importance of playing the role of integrated geophysical survey in the exploration of nonferrous metallic deposits.

This paper gives in time sequence a review of the application of computer and the main achievements gained in this aspect since the establishment of the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration 40 years ago, and illustrates the active role of computer in the development of geophysical and geochemical exploration.

At the time of 40th anniversary of the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, (shorly IGGE), the present paper gives a brief review on the achievements of IGGE’s development of geological technical marketing in the past ten years.Persisting in "benefits as the center, market as the direction, scientific research as the basis and administration as the guarantee", speeding up the transformation of scientific achievements, and gradually facing the main field of national economy, IGGE has gained obvious economic benefits and social effects in such fields as mineral prospecting, gas and oil exploration, engineering, environmental, disaster geological and archaeological investigations, and agricultural geochemical survey.

The present paper deals emphatically with the application of exploration geochemistry in such fields as oil and gas prospecting, geothermal exploration, environmental, agricultural and engineering investigation and archeology, its effects and the problems to be solved in future. From the preliminary achievements obtained it can be seen that the prospects are very broad.

Element abundances of the continental crust and rocks cited in the past and recent literature have been based on compilations of data from various studies. This leads to uncertainties in sample representativeness and data quality. The present study is based on systematic collection of 28 253 individual rock samples over an area of 3.3 million km² in eastern China, east of eastern longitude of 105°.The sampling involves more than 800 igneous intrusive bodies and metamorphic complexes as well as more than 500 type stratigraphic sections. From the individual rock samples, 2 718 composite samples were made and analyzed for 77 elements by 15 specific methods, dominantly XRF and INAA. Analytical quality was controlled by international and national preliminary geochemical reference materials of GSR, GAu and GPt series. Synthetic results from geological, geochemical and geophysical studies were used to construct crustal constitution model, from which element abundances of the continental crust in the North China platform, the upper crust and exposed crust in eastern China, chemical composition of igneous rock in China and of sedimentary rock and metamorphic rock in eastern China were derived.

Since 1980, experts of the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration have constructed some 6 800 km of deep magnetotelluric sounding profiles in such areas as Qinghai-Tibet, Sichuan-Yunnan, South China, Gansu, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Song-Liao, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Qinling Mountains, found out electric structure of the crust and the upper mantle along these profiles, studied relationships between electric units and geologic-tectonic units, and probed into the causes for the formation of the low-resistivity layers detected in the crust and the upper mantle. On the basis of the available deep magnetotelluric sounding data, the continental electrical maps of China have been compliled. It is thus known that the continental lithosphere of China has an average thickness of 100～200 km, thinning in the east and thickening in the west. Using electrical resistivities of rocks measured under high temperature and pressure, the researchers have roughly determined material constitutuents of the lithosphere along the profiles.

Seismic method for metallic ore exploration is a new and promising technique. Due to the complexity of geological structure and metallogenic conditions in metallic ore districts, only when seismic wave fields are studied from known areas to unknown areas and the seismic time profiles are interpreted by combining physical modeling results with other geophysical anomalies can the study of seismic method for metallic ore exploration yield valuable results. Following a discussion on the application of seismic techniques to the Budunhua copper deposit in Inner Mongolia as well as the achievements gained, the paper points out that the ore-controlling structure can be detected by using reflection events, and the heterogeneuos bodies related to orebodies might be studied by utilizing high-frequency irregular scattering waves.

The present paper has studied and analysied determining aluminum of plant specimen, founded a simple and accurate determining method, provided accurate determinied data for country grade A criterion material.