The 1:200 000 regional geochemical survey conducted in Shangcheng and Gushi areas of southern Henan Province has yielded geochemical information of 40 elements and laid geochemical foundation for the study of ecological geochemistry. Southern Henan Province is one of the areas where endemic diseases frequently occur. The improvement of environmental conditions and the control of endemic diseases constitute urgent tasks for governments at various levels. A tentative ecological geochemical assessment is made in this paper on the basis of information obtained from regional geochemical survey.