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| The application of systematic clustering method to the classification of chemical types of karst groundwater |
| Yan-Lin YANG1, Chang-Sheng SHAO1, Jing JING2 |
1. Wuhan Center, China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
2. School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China |
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Abstract The previous methods for the discrimination of groundwater hydrochemical types in karst areas of Xianning, such as the ShuKaliefu's classification, have some shortcomings. In view of such a situation, this paper proposes the systematic cluster analysis method. The four processes of the system clustering method, i.e., matrix construction, similarity degree representation, elimination of dimensional difference and sample system clustering, were discussed in this paper. The corresponding programs were compiled for the systematic cluster method, and the groundwater from the karst area of Xianning was taken as an example. When the threshold is 3.2, the hydrochemical type can be divided into 10 categories. Finally, a comparative analysis of each classification was carried out with Shug Kalev classification, and it is proved that the systematic cluster analysis method is effective.
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Received: 15 December 2017
Published: 03 August 2018
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| 离子 | P1 | P2 | P3 | P4 | P5 | P6 | P7 | P8 | P9 | P10 | P11 | P12 | P13 | | HC | 77.9 | 86.3 | 59.8 | 76.0 | 79.7 | 68.6 | 88.6 | 73.4 | 91.6 | 94.6 | 86.7 | 69.3 | 80.6 | | Cl- | 5.7 | 3.8 | 14.9 | 13.1 | 8.7 | 10.4 | 1.2 | 5.9 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 3.7 | 11.9 | 3.7 | | S | 16.4 | 9.9 | 25.3 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 21.0 | 10.2 | 20.6 | 7.1 | 4.8 | 9.6 | 18.8 | 15.7 | | Na++K+ | 9.6 | 10.2 | 25.5 | 17.8 | 10.7 | 8.0 | 2.3 | 14.5 | 7.6 | 1.6 | 8.3 | 16.7 | 8.5 | | Ca2+ | 73.3 | 73.1 | 62.1 | 73.9 | 79.9 | 75.6 | 88.0 | 74.9 | 78.4 | 70.5 | 78.8 | 66.4 | 79.1 | | Mg2+ | 17.2 | 16.7 | 12.4 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 16.5 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 14.0 | 27.9 | 12.9 | 17.0 | 12.4 | | 离子 | P14 | P15 | P16 | P17 | P18 | P19 | P20 | P21 | P22 | P23 | P24 | P25 | P26 | | HC | 76.5 | 75.6 | 88.4 | 68.5 | 77.2 | 84.8 | 72.0 | 69.1 | 84.6 | 90.5 | 23.7 | 77.1 | 75.3 | | Cl- | 4.8 | 8.2 | 2.9 | 17.2 | 4.9 | 3.5 | 19.4 | 16.8 | 4.6 | 1.3 | 71.0 | 8.4 | 10.6 | | S | 18.7 | 16.3 | 8.7 | 14.3 | 17.9 | 11.8 | 8.7 | 14.2 | 10.8 | 8.2 | 5.3 | 14.5 | 14.1 | | Na++K+ | 9.7 | 6.7 | 4.0 | 19.1 | 10.0 | 13.1 | 19.7 | 14.7 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 60.5 | 4.7 | 5.8 | | Ca2+ | 78.9 | 81.5 | 85.6 | 65.8 | 77.8 | 73.8 | 73.6 | 70.1 | 84.9 | 92.9 | 34.9 | 87.6 | 84.9 | | Mg2+ | 11.4 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 15.1 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 6.7 | 15.2 | 9.1 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 7.7 | 9.3 | | 离子 | P27 | K01 | K02 | K03 | K04 | K05 | K06 | K07 | K08 | K09 | K10 | K11 | K12 | | HC | 62.9 | 68.3 | 93.8 | 84.1 | 93.5 | 95.1 | 89.5 | 94.4 | 93.8 | 74.5 | 92.3 | 93.2 | 97.6 | | Cl- | 21.6 | 23.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 6.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | | S | 15.6 | 8.5 | 5.4 | 15.2 | 5.6 | 4.3 | 9.6 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 18.9 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 1.9 | | Na++K+ | 11.9 | 23.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 15.8 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | | Ca2+ | 77.3 | 55.6 | 91.8 | 93.4 | 93.4 | 95.7 | 93.5 | 89.9 | 95.5 | 75.2 | 93.3 | 91.1 | 59.1 | | Mg2+ | 10.8 | 20.6 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 5.4 | 8.2 | 3.1 | 9.0 | 4.6 | 6.8 | 38.7 | | 离子 | K13 | K14 | K15 | K16 | K17 | K18 | K19 | K20 | K21 | K22 | K23 | K24 | K25 | | HC | 95.6 | 96.7 | 95.5 | 92.1 | 80.4 | 82.5 | 87.5 | 89.8 | 83.5 | 88.2 | 91.5 | 67.4 | 81.8 | | Cl- | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 6.8 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 2.2 | 5.3 | | S | 3.9 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 6.2 | 15.6 | 13.4 | 10.2 | 7.0 | 9.8 | 7.1 | 3.1 | 30.4 | 12.9 | | Na++K+ | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 8.8 | 10.1 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 9.7 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 7.6 | 7.3 | | Ca2+ | 79.4 | 95.0 | 94.5 | 89.8 | 79.5 | 81.6 | 82.0 | 90.8 | 80.9 | 86.7 | 89.6 | 70.3 | 79.6 | | Mg2+ | 19.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 7.6 | 11.7 | 8.3 | 14.8 | 5.4 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 7.1 | 22.2 | 13.1 | | 离子 | K26 | K27 | K28 | K29 | K30 | K31 | W01 | W02 | W03 | | | | | | HC | 75.7 | 90.0 | 93.6 | 94.2 | 85.2 | 60.3 | 62.0 | 84.0 | 83.2 | | | | | | Cl- | 14.8 | 5.7 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 9.9 | 7.6 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 1.0 | | | | | | S | 9.5 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.9 | 32.1 | 34.2 | 13.1 | 15.8 | | | | | | Na++K+ | 13.5 | 6.5 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 10.3 | 32.2 | 8.5 | 10.8 | 4.0 | | | | | | Ca2+ | 80.2 | 82.4 | 82.4 | 94.8 | 86.0 | 65.0 | 76.5 | 68.1 | 83.1 | | | | | | Mg2+ | 6.3 | 11.1 | 14.5 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 2.9 | 15.0 | 21.1 | 12.9 | | | | |
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