Arsenic is mostly present in rocks and arsenic ores in the form of sulfides rather than in the nature element form. Arsenic poisoning is a biogeochemical disease which poses a great threat to human health. As a result, there has been a growing emphasis on the study of arsenic poisoning. This paper is based on multi-target geochemical survey of the Hetao area and delineates the range of the arsenic poisoning in the Hetao area with a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of arsenic in different media. In addition, this paper summarizes and evaluates the geochemical distribution of arsenic in the Hetao area. Based on the analysis of arsenic content in various sources, the authors have reached the conclusion that the main source of arsenic-rich substance in the Hetao area is the Yellow River alluvial matter.