The aerogeophysical survey performed in some area of south China discovered that the natural radioactive radiation level is rather high in that area. The authors detected the geological factors responsible for such high radioactive radiation and the distribution of the radiation, evaluated the average effective dosage received by the inhabitants in the high natural radioactive radiation area, and discussed the harmful results of human activities leading to the transportation and diffusion of radioactive rock materials. The utilization of airborne geophysical data constitutes an important basis for the environmental protection planning.