六盘山东麓冲积扇晚更新世以来地层结构及其活动性特征

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.2257

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Abstract

Many cities or urban residential areas in central and western China reside in alluvial plains formed from piedmont alluvial fans. Hence, revealing the stratigraphic architectures and stability of alluvial fans holds critical significance for urban construction planning and rational land use. The alluvial fan in the eastern piedmont of the Liupan Mountains hosts the urban residential areas and villages of Guyuan City, with a dense population. Moreover, the alluvial fan develops several event deposits recording the activity of the alluvial fan under tectonic movements and climatic changes. Through field geological survey, optically stimulated luminescence dating, controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT), and conventional radon measurement, this study revealed the stratigraphic architecture of the alluvial fan and its two-phase event deposits (~43.33 ka B.P. and 22.92~20.72 ka B.P) since the Late Pleistocene. As indicated by the CSAMT and conventional radon measurement results, the alluvial fan still exhibits high activity under the influence of the Haiyuan and Qingshuihe faults. The results of this study provide fundamental data for crustal stability assessment, prevention and control of geologic hazards, and engineering construction in the Liupanshan area.

Key words： alluvial fan in the eastern piedmont of the Liupan Mountains Late Pleistocene stratigraphic architecture event deposit activity

Received: 08 June 2023 Published: 26 February 2025

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	Zi-Heng YAO
	Xiao-Peng DONG
	Yong YANG

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Zi-Heng YAO,Xiao-Peng DONG,Yong YANG. Stratigraphic architecture and activity of the alluvial fan in the eastern piedmont of the Liupan Mountains since the Late Pleistocene[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(1): 1-13.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.2257 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I1/1

Tectonic background of the Liupanshan and Qingshuihe Basin
a—tectonic background and geographical location of the Liupan Mountain; b—faults system in the Liupan Mountain and its adjacent areas

Regional geological map of the Liupan Mountain area and Qingshuihe Basin

Photoluminescence dating results of events since Late Pleistocene in the alluvial fan at the eastern foot of Liupan Mountain

点号	D/m	测量值/(Bq·m^-3)	点号	D/m	测量值/(Bq·m^-3)	点号	D/m	测量值/(Bq·m^-3)	点号	D/m	测量值/(Bq·m^-3)
1	0	2971.66	157	3119.92	4098	313	6237.29	2348	469	9361.98	2588
3	39.64	1821.34	159	3159.66	2588	315	6278.1	2204	471	9392.32	1605
5	79.55	2684.08	161	3199.66	3091	317	6317.4	2396	473	9440.1	1437
7	120.15	2540.29	163	3239.25	8603	319	6357.99	2276	475	9474.48	1509
9	159.94	1461.86	165	3278.83	6518	321	6398.23	2779	477	9515.94	1509
11	199.69	1917.2	167	3319.44	3067	323	6437.87	3522	479	9555.77	1989
13	239.38	3498.89	169	3359.53	3570	325	6477.59	5655	481	9595.46	1485
15	279.28	2060.99	171	3399.45	5152	327	6517.73	4036	483	9635.1	1509
17	319.88	2588.22	173	3439.53	4721	329	6557.21	3355	485	9675.15	2588
19	359.28	4289.73	175	3479.53	4601	331	6597.94	3840	487	9715.43	2779
21	399.29	2803.9	177	3518.91	3426	333	6637.97	4337	489	9755.75	1773
23	439.69	2492.36	179	3559.9	1917	335	6677.41	2180	491	9791.33	1605
25	479.44	2492.36	181	3598.93	3019	337	6717.79	2037	493	9835.2	1485
27	519.65	3163.38	183	3639.57	4673	339	6757.64	2060	495	9875.11	1869
29	559.86	6039.18	185	3679.22	5104	341	6797.46	3450	497	9915.01	2156
31	600.1	6159	187	3719.21	6949	343	6837.63	4673	499	9957.41	3019
33	640.03	4816.96	189	3759.17	4745	345	6877.61	2276	501	9995.67	2732
35	679.77	2923.73	191	3799.86	3091	347	6917.4	1821	503	10035.44	1270
37	719.65	2468.39	193	3839.54	1485	349	6958.14	2899	505	10075.11	958
39	759.61	2252.71	195	3879.1	1581	351	6997.61	3954	507	10115.07	1389
41	799.24	8100.17	197	3919.71	1725	353	7037.63	2899	509	10155.73	1845
43	840.3	13827.8	199	3958.89	2492	355	7077.35	1078	511	10195.65	1311
45	879.37	11455.27	201	3999.55	1797	357	7117.61	2060	513	10235.43	1287
47	919.57	14642.61	203	4039.6	2300	359	7136.66	2060	515	10275.21	1581
49	960.27	12749.38	205	4079.34	2708	361	7197.41	1893	517	10314.66	1366
51	1000.1	6398.65	207	4119.21	4241	363	7237.37	4002	519	10355.26	1126
53	1039.72	6015.21	209	4159.28	3259	365	7277.76	3187	521	10394.64	958
55	1079.49	1174	211	4199.5	3474	367	7318.1	2180	523	10435.17	1318
57	1119.57	2875	213	4239.72	6566	369	7357.49	3474	525	10475.06	1461
59	1159.34	3211	215	4279.43	4577	371	7397.49	4385	527	10514.54	2060
61	1199.19	2708	217	4319.29	5943	373	7437.46	1821	529	10554.71	1342
63	1239.57	1893	219	4359.18	3978	375	7477.15	1509	531	10594.28	958
65	1279.48	2851	221	4399.61	4098	377	7517.99	2108	533	10634.45	1773
67	1319.29	2660	223	4439.67	6039	379	7557.29	1270	535	10674.3	3139
69	1359.75	2660	225	4479.16	11095	381	7597.45	886	537	10714.86	2971
71	1399.4	5583	227	4519.37	12557	383	7637.4	1222	539	10754.79	1533
73	1440.1	4960	229	4559.27	6853	385	7677.48	3906	541	10794.57	1533
75	1479.84	3091	231	4599.47	6734	387	7717.46	2899	543	10834.69	1797
77	1519.47	2492	233	4639.26	9034	389	7757.65	2228	545	10874.15	3019
79	1559.45	4409	235	4679.04	5128	391	7797.56	3163	547	10913.93	2156
81	1600.13	6782	237	4718.75	3858	393	7837.09	3139	549	10954.63	3091
83	1639.99	4529	239	4759.14	5895	395	7878.17	2636	551	10993.83	2899
85	1679.48	2204	241	4799.17	3738	397	7917.69	2540	553	11034.51	2084
87	1719.56	814	243	4839.03	3463	399	7957.98	1965	555	11073.71	1797
89	1759.62	4217	245	4879.6	3331	401	7997.34	1869	557	11114.61	263
91	1798.94	7477	247	4919.46	3187	403	8037.11	1437	559	11153.88	575
93	1851.91	3235	249	4959.04	4649	405	8077.79	2084	561	11193.79	5799
95	1879.55	1342	251	4999.35	4002	407	8117.06	2468	563	11234.44	9609
97	1920.22	6182	253	5038.94	1749	409	8157.33	2851	565	11273.76	4193
99	1959.44	8723	255	5079.4	2013	411	8196.93	1629	567	11313.61	7261
101	1999.94	5487	257	5119.03	3163	413	8237.76	2420	569	11354.37	12773
103	2039.59	5056	259	5158.73	5607	415	8277.16	2995	571	11393.47	11263
105	2079.29	4721	261	5198.72	4601	417	8317.58	2540	573	11433.51	13923
107	2119.54	5320	263	5238.55	4433	419	8369.19	3115	575	11473.73	3858
109	2160.04	3403	265	5279.02	3115	421	8397.36	2827	577	11513.48	3067
111	2198.86	2229	267	5318.31	2444	423	8437.11	2516	579	11553.58	2228
113	2239.06	3474	269	5358.42	3019	425	8477.07	1749	581	11593.17	3307
115	2279.54	5056	271	5398.7	2204	427	8516.45	2037	583	11633.09	5224
117	2319.26	6782	273	5438.49	2348	429	8557.14	718	585	11673.58	2564
119	2359.29	3906	275	5478.83	2588	431	8596.4	2108	587	11713.53	1701
121	2399.81	4217	277	5518.8	2708	433	8636.65	2444	589	11753.27	2060
123	2440.01	4193	279	5558.11	2468	435	8677.25	2420	591	11793.07	3450
125	2479.24	3594	281	5598.45	3882	437	8716.97	1485	593	11833.04	2300
127	2519.52	7501	283	5638.95	3690	439	8756.45	1318	595	11873.76	1773
129	2558.91	12030	285	5678.73	2348	441	8796.98	1222	597	11913.03	2060
131	2599.37	10496	287	5718.86	2420	443	8836.32	1701	599	11953.28	1917
133	2639.5	9681	289	5757.95	3235	445	8876.29	2108	601	11993.48	2108
135	2679.23	9130	291	5798.73	2851	447	8916.56	1917	603	12033.31	1917
137	2718.9	17039	293	5837.75	1030	449	8956.39	3067	605	12072.88	2636
139	2759.54	11023	295	5877.91	1629	451	9003.78	2947	607	12112.6	2180
141	2799.23	10832	297	5917.63	1941	453	9035.46	2540	609	12153.02	1677
143	2839.96	13636	299	5957.88	2108	455	9074.65	2584	611	12193.07	2588
145	2879.56	8723	301	5998.43	2156	457	9112.85	2971	613	12232.63	3690
147	2919.51	6590	303	6037.61	3594	459	9153.52	2396	615	12272.73	3570
149	2963.54	5200	305	6078.05	3283	461	9199.96	2180	617	12312.8	2540
151	2999.44	2875	307	6117.92	2276	463	9227.83	1893	619	12352.29	2276
153	3039.39	4193	309	6157.49	2540	465	9272.66	1509	621	12392.24	2132
155	3079.76	5416	311	6197.89	2204	467	9315.84	1677	623	12432.49	2037

Measurement data of conventional radon gas measurement sites

Measurement data statistics of conventional radon gas measurement quality checkpoints

41])
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Stratigraphic sequence in the Qingshuihe Basin since the Late Pleistocene (chronological data from Tian et al.^[41])

Stratigraphic sequence of the alluvial fan east to the Liupan Mountain and the sedimentary time of the conglomerates

Seimentary characteristics of the Late Pleistocene strata in the alluvial fan east to the Liupan Mountain
a—the third part of the Salawusu Formation contacts unconformably with the lower Late Pleistocene conglomerates; b—relics of biogenic burrows and gypsum in the argillaceous siltstone of the third part of the Salawusu Formation; c—alluvial facies conglomerates during the Late Pleistocene, the lithologies of the conglomerates are mainly greyish-green marlite and mudstone, the pebbles are aligned in imbricated arrangement; d—Late Pleistocene fluvial facies coarse sand layers with cross beddings; e—Late Pleistocene fluvial facies coarse sand layers with lenticular beddings; f—Late Pleistocene alluvial strata at the end of the alluvial fan with parallel beddings; g—Late Pleistocene alluvial strata at the end of the alluvial fan with parallel beddings and biogenic holes; h—Late Pleistocene Malan loess with columnar joints in the alluvial fan east to the Liupan Mountain

Interpretation of the controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric measurement of the profile GC02 in the alluvial fan east to the Liupan Mountain

22], Ran et al.^[43], Xiang et al.^[18], Zhang et al.^[44], Xiao et al.^[23];Guliya ice core climate record by Yao et al.^[46];Deep-sea oxygen isotope climate record by Martinson et al.^[54])
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Comparison between the tectonic activities of the alluvial fan east to the Liupan Mountain, the structural deformation periods of the Haiyuan Fault System, and changing of the climate around the Liupan Mountain since the Late Pleistocene
(Late Pleistocence activity of Haiyuan fault zone according to Zhang et al.^[22], Ran et al.^[43], Xiang et al.^[18], Zhang et al.^[44], Xiao et al.^[23];Guliya ice core climate record by Yao et al.^[46];Deep-sea oxygen isotope climate record by Martinson et al.^[54])

Geophysical and radon survey characteristics of the alluvial fan east to the Liupan Mountain
a—interpretation of the controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric measurement data; b—changing curve of the radon measurement data

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