海洋电火花震源地震资料处理关键技术及应用

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.1224

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (2)

Download: PDF (17436 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

Marine seismic data from sparker sources exhibit strong noise interference, complex wavelet morphologies, signal distortion due to cables' feathering and undulation, and severe multiple wave interference, all of which greatly affect the imaging quality of seismic data. Based on the characteristics of marine seismic data from sparker sources, this study established a data processing workflow and elaborated on the key technologies involved, including LIFT high-fidelity noise suppression, cable drift correction, surface-consistent simulated annealing static correction, wavelet processing, and free surface multiple suppression technologies. The application to actual data indicates that this processing workflow can effectively address the challenges associated with marine seismic data from sparker sources, improve the signal-to-noise ratio, restore the wavelet bandwidth, and produce seismic sections with superior broadband imaging and clearly defined geological features. This study provides a novel technical means for the application of marine wide-azimuth seismic data.

Key words： LIFT noise suppression cable drift correction surface static correction wavelet processing multiple suppression

Received: 24 May 2024 Published: 26 February 2025

ZTFLH:

P631.4

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Xing-Yan ZHANG
	Wei-Hui ZENG
	Jin-Peng LIU
	Li-Xia ZHANG
	Guang-Hui DU
	Fa-Kun WANG

Cite this article:

Xing-Yan ZHANG,Wei-Hui ZENG,Jin-Peng LIU, et al. Key technologies for processing marine seismic data from sparker sources and their applications[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(1): 166-176.

URL:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1224 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I1/166

Basic flow of simulated annealing surface consistent residual statics

Schematic diagram of LIFT noise suppression

Shot gather of low frequency and surge noise attenuation

Stack section of low frequency and surge noise attenuation

Shot gather of linear noise attenuation

Stack section of linear noise attenuation

Comparison of the effect before and after cable drift correction for marine electric spark source data

Comparison of the effect before and after simulated annealing surface consistency residual static of marine spark source data

Comparison of the effect before and after marine electric spark source data SRME multiple wave suppression

Wavelet of electric spark source and its spectrum

Comparison of the effect before and after wavelet processing of marine electric spark source data

Migration profile before and after noise suppression in marine electric spark source data

The offset effect of cable drift correction for marine electric spark source data

Migration effect of wavelet processing on marine electric spark source data

[1]	刘保华, 丁继胜, 裴彦良, 等. 海洋地球物理探测技术及其在近海工程中的应用[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2005, 23(3):374-384.
[1]	Liu B H, Ding J S, Pei Y L, et al. Marine geophysical survey techniques and their applications to offshore engineering[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2005, 23(3):374-384.
[2]	王文秋, 刘怀山. 海洋地球物理探测在海岸工程中的应用[C]// 中国地球物理学会国家安全地球物理专业委员会,中国地球物理学会内蒙古办事处.国家安全地球物理丛书(十八)—双碳战略与地球物理.中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 2022.
[2]	Wang W Q, Liu H S. Application of marine geophysical exploration in coastal engineering[C]// National Security Geophysics Professional Committee,Inner Mongolia Office of the Chinese Geophysical Society,National Security Geophysics Series (18):Dual Carbon Strategy and Geophysics.College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean university of China, 2022.
[3]	曾宪军, 伍忠良, 郝小柱. 海洋地质调查方法与设备综述[J]. 气象水文海洋仪器, 2009, 26(1):111-117,120.
[3]	Zeng X J, Wu Z L, Hao X Z. Summary of marine geological survey mehods and equipments[J]. Meteorological,Hydrological and Marine Instruments, 2009, 26(1):111-117,120.
[4]	裴彦良, 王揆洋, 李官保, 等. 海洋工程地震勘探震源及其应用研究[J]. 石油仪器, 2007(2):20-23,98.
[4]	Pei Y L, Wang K Y, Li G B, et al. Application study of marine engineering seismic sources[J]. Petroleum Instruments, 2007(2):20-23,98.
[5]	吴学兵. 电火花震源在浅海检波器定位中的应用研究[J]. 物探装备, 2016, 26(1):12-14.
[5]	Wu X B. Application study on spark source for hydrophone positioning during exploration on shallow sea[J]. Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting, 2016, 26(1):12-14.
[6]	蒋辉, 李海军, 高斌, 等. 电火花震源在石油地震勘探中的应用[J]. 物探装备, 2018, 28(1):42-44,56.
[6]	Jiang H, Li H J, Gao B, et al. The application of sparker source forseismic exploration[J]. Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting, 2018, 28(1):42-44,56.
[7]	任立刚, 杨德宽. 电火花震源在平原水域区地震采集中的应用及效果分析[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2018, 33(6):2581-2587.
[7]	Ren L G, Yang D K. Application and effect analysis of sparker in seismic acquisition in plain water area[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2018, 33(6):2581-2587.
[8]	戚宾, 王祥春, 赵庆献. 海洋电火花震源地震勘探研究进展[J]. 物探与化探, 2020, 44(1):107-111.
[8]	Qi B, Wang X C, Zhao Q X. Research on the progress of marine sparker seismic exploration[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(1):107-111.
[9]	刘沛然, 杨晨莹. 电火花震源在地震采集中的应用[J]. 石油物探, 2021, 60(S1):5-9.
[9]	Liu P R, Yang C Y. Application of electric spark source in seismic acquisition[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2021, 60(S1):5-9.
[10]	张立霞, 曾维辉, 刘金朋, 等. 模拟退火法地表一致性剩余静校正在海洋电火花数据中的应用[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 2023, 20(2):273-280.
[10]	Zhang L X, Zeng W H, Liu J P, et al. Application of Monte-Carlo surface-consistent residual statics in marine spark source seismic data[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2023, 20(2):273-280.
[11]	陈杰, 刘金辉, 曹莉苹, 等. 电火花震源在城市地质调查三维地震勘探中的应用[J]. 四川地质学报, 2021, 41(2):295-298.
[11]	Chen J, Liu J H, Cao L P, et al. The application of electric spark source to the 3D seismic exploration of urban geological survey[J]. Acta Geologica Sichuan, 2021, 41(2):295-298.
[12]	任柏璋. 电火花震源在南方山地勘探中的应用[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2020, 10(5):28-33.
[12]	Ren B Z. Application of spark source in exploration of mountains in Southern China[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2020, 10(5):28-33.
[13]	左公宁. 陆地电火花震源的特性及其应用[J]. 勘察科学技术, 2003(1):55-60.
[13]	Zuo G N. The properties and application of the land electric spark source[J]. Site Investigation Science and Technology, 2003(1):55-60.
[14]	戚宾. 海底地震仪及电火花震源拖缆地震资料处理方法研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2020.
[14]	Qi B. Research on seismic data processing method of submarine seismograph and electric spark source towing cable[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences, 2020.
[15]	崔永福, 吴国忱, 郭念民, 等. LIFT去噪方法在低信噪比资料处理中的应用[J]. 物探化探计算技术, 2014, 36(2):215-221.
[15]	Cui Y F, Wu G C, Guo N M, et al. LIFT de-noising method applied in low SNR seismic data processing[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2014, 36(2):215-221.
[16]	李来林, 魏大力. LIFT去噪方法在地震资料处理中的应用[J]. 石油物探, 2007, 46(2):193-195,16.
[16]	Li L L, Wei D L. Application of LIFT de-noise method in seismic data processing[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2007, 46(2):193-195,16.
[17]	李添才, 李列, 陈瑜, 等. 利用LIFT技术衰减海上近道多次波[J]. 勘探地球物理进展, 2010(2):107-111,75.
[17]	Li T C, Li L, Chen Y, et al. Application of LIFT technology in demultiples of small offset[J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2010(2):107-111,75.
[18]	张振波, 王征, 董水利, 等. 海上多源多缆地震采集综合导航定位数据处理技术[J]. 石油物探, 2013, 52(6):630-635,3.
[18]	Zhang Z B, Wang Z, Dong S L, et al. Integrated navigation and positioning data processing in offshore multi-sources and multi-streamers seismic survey[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2013, 52(6):630-635,3.
[19]	李振勇. 海上地震导航数据的处理技术[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2007, 42(S1):30-34,5-6.
[19]	Li Z Y. Processing technology of marine seismic navigation data[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2007, 42(S1):30-34,5-6.
[20]	Forel D, Gardner G H F. A three-dimensional perspective on two-dimensional dip moveout[J]. Geophysics, 1988, 53(5):604-610.
[21]	Anat Canning, 郭路平. 海上三维数据的羽状漂移校正[J]. 石油物探译丛, 1993(4):28-32.
[21]	Canning A, Guo L P. Feather drift correction of three-dimensional data at sea[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 1993(4):28-32.
[22]	崔宏良, 白旭明, 袁胜辉, 等. 模拟退火静校正技术在低信噪比地区的应用[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2012, 24(5):94-97.
[22]	Cui H L, Bai X M, Yuan S H, et al. Application of simulated annealing static correction technology in the low S/N area[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2012, 24(5):94-97.
[23]	张兴岩, 张立霞, 方中于, 等. 海底电缆转换波数据处理关键技术及在南海某区的应用[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 2022, 19(6):791-801.
[23]	Zhang X Y, Zhang L X, Fang Z Y, et al. Key technology of OBC converted wave processing and its application in certain area of the South China Sea[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2022, 19(6):791-801.
[24]	郑鸿明, 彭立, 李生杰. 模拟退火静校正[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2001, 22(1):32-34,91-92.
[24]	Zheng H M, Peng L, Li S J. Conducting static correction by annealing analog.[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2001, 22(1):32-34,91-92.
[25]	吴波, 潘树林, 王荐. 提高最大能量法剩余静校正中模型道精度的方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2017, 52(6):1146-1149,1183,1117.
[25]	Wu B, Pan S L, Wang J. Model trace improvement in residual static corrections[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2017, 52(6):1146-1149,1183,1117.
[26]	张兴岩. 海底四分量地震资料处理方法研究——以涠西南地区为例[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2017.
[26]	Zhang X Y. Research on processing method of submarine four-component seismic data:A case study of Weixi southwest area[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2017.
[27]	张兴岩, 朱江梅, 杨薇, 等. 海洋资料多次波组合衰减技术及应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2011, 35(4):511-515.
[27]	Zhang X Y, Zhu J M, Yang W, et al. Group technology of antimultiple in marine seismic data processing and its application[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2011, 35(4):511-515.
[28]	张兴岩, 潘冬明, 史文英, 等. 浅水区海底电缆地震数据水层多次波压制技术及应用[J]. 石油物探, 2016, 55(6):816-824.
[28]	Zhang X Y, Pan D M, Shi W Y, et al. Water layer multiple attenuation technique for OBC seismic data in shallow water area and its application[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2016, 55(6):816-824.
[29]	施德丰, 王清源, 孙林, 等. 海上浅层高分辨率地震勘探[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 1983, 18(2):134-140.
[29]	Shi D F, Wang Q Y, Sun L, et al. A high resolution seismic prospecting system for marine shallow formations[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 1983, 18(2):134-140.
[30]	Zhang X Y, Pan D M, Shi W Y, et al. Deghosting towed streamer data in τ/p domain based on rough sea surface reflectivity[J]. Applied Geophysics, 2015, 12(4):573-584.
[31]	吕国涛, 温明明, 吴衡, 等. 海鳗20kJ电火花震源声学特性分析[J]. 内江科技, 2013, 34(1):49-50.
[31]	Lyu G T, Wen M M, Wu H, et al. Acoustic characteristics analysis of 20 kJ electric spark source of Moray eel[J]. Neijiang Science & Technology, 2013, 34(1):49-50.
[32]	王守君, 方中于, 史文英, 等. 海洋地震资料子波零相位化技术研究与应用[J]. 石油物探, 2015, 54(5):551-559.
[32]	Wang S J, Fang Z Y, Shi W Y, et al. Marine seismic wavelet zero-phasing technology and its application[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2015, 54(5):551-559.
[33]	张立霞, 曾维辉, 刘金朋, 等. 海洋电火花震源地震数据子波处理技术及应用[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 2024, 21(5):764-782.
[33]	Zhang L X, Zeng W H, Liu J P, et al. Wavelet processing technology and application of marine spark source seismic data[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2024, 21(5): 764-782.