等值反磁通瞬变电磁法在地下浅层富水区应用——以新余市下村镇为例

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1574

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Abstract

Unfavorable geobodies such as Karsts, weak soil, and water-rich areas are extensively distributed in China. Under heavy rainfall, they are prone to geologic hazards like collapse. A severe geological collapse occurred in Xiacun Town, Yushui District, Xinyu City, near the Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway. The space around the collapsed foundation pit was limited, with many interference sources like underground pipelines. With early signals subjected to the mutual inductance effects of receiver and transmitter coils, the conventional transient electromagnetic method exhibited low detection accuracy and anti-interference ability, encountering significant shallow blind zones. To locate unfavorable geobodies in the study area and provide suggestions for the prevention and control of geologic hazards, this study innovatively applied the opposing-coils transient electromagnetic method (OCTEM), supplemented by borehole-based verification. The results show that: (1) The OCTEM exhibited high accuracy, as demonstrated by the high consistency between the geophysical exploration results and the drilling results of the study area; (2) The low-resistivity zone spread across the study area, and the low-resistivity anomalies revealed by geophysical exploration were caused by groundwater according to borehole-based verification; (3) The strata from top to bottom were composed of soft plastic silty clay, hard plastic silty clay, soft plastic silty clay, and moderately weathered limestones; (4) The subsurface micro-confined water in the collapse area surged upward, gradually eroding the soft plastic silty clay layer around the area. The static water level in the collapsed foundation pit manifested an elevation of 55.60 m, located approximately 1.4 m below the surface; (5) A groundwater channel existed under the collapse area, with soil caves formed in the limestone layer under the prolonged erosion effect of water flow; (6) Long-term groundwater extraction may expand the underground seepage zone; (7) The administrative department in charge must promptly contain groundwater in the collapse area to prevent it from further eroding the surrounding unconsolidated soil layer.

Key words： opposing coils transient electromagnetic method shallow water-rich area borehole-based verification

Received: 27 December 2023 Published: 21 October 2024

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	Xiao-Wei ZHU
	Chen DING
	Kai-Xi XUE
	Jun CHEN
	Kai-Min HAN
	Qiang LUO
	Guang-Sheng YI

Cite this article:

Xiao-Wei ZHU,Chen DING,Kai-Xi XUE, et al. Application of the opposing coils transient electromagnetic method in a shallow groundwater-rich area: A case study of Xiacun Town, Xinyu City[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(5): 1424-1436.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1574 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2024/V48/I5/1424

The ground collapse scene

Hydrogeological diagram of Xiachun Town and nearby area

Schematic diagram of engineering geology of Xiacun Town and nearby area
1 —clay layer containing sand gravel layer (slope deposit, residual deposit); 2—loam, sand gravel (alluvial); 3—Shuibei Formation: quartzite, sandy shale; 4—Anyuan Group: fine sand, siltstone; 5—limestone, dolomite; 6—Wangpanli member: sandstone, mudstone; 7—Laoshan member: sandstone, mudstone; 8—Guanshan member: arkose quartzite, siltstone; 9—Mingshan Formation: siliceous rock, shale; 10—Xiaojiangbian Formation: nodular limestone, dolomite; 11—geological boundary; 12—tectonic line

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OCTEM device schematic(a) and primary field magnetic field lines synthesized by OCTEM two-coil source (b)^[16]

The field work of opposing coils transient electromagnetic method

Secondary field attenuation voltage curves corresponding to different stacking ties

Layout of OCTEM measuring points on the project site

OCTEM measuring points and drilling position layout

Data processing flow chart of OCTEM

Profile of inversion of survey line No.1

Profile of inversion of survey line No. 2

Profile of inversion of survey line No. 3

Profile of inversion of survey line No. 4

Profile of inversion of survey line No. 5

Profile of inversion of survey line No. 6

Profile of inversion of survey line No. 7

Results of geophysical exploration section and borehole column chart

Geophysical inversion map and 3D comparison of borehole

钻孔编号	孔深/m	孔口高程/m	地层埋深/m	岩性	地下水位稳定深度/m
ZK1	15.6	57.38	0~1.5	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状	1.78
			1.5~9.5	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,硬可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩细砂砾
			9.5~11.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩等细砂砾
			11.0~15.3	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩、花岗岩等中粗砂
			15.3~15.6	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆
ZK2	13.7	56.95	0~3.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状	1.35
			3.0~5.9	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,硬可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩细砂砾
			5.9~8.2	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩等细砂砾
			8.2~12.8	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见较多铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩、浅色变质岩等中粗砂
			12.8~13.7	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆
ZK3	19.2	57.36	0~3.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状	1.76
			3.0~5.1	土洞:地下水填充
			5.1~17.5	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见较多铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有花岗岩、浅色变质岩等中粗砂
			17.5~19.2	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆
ZK4	11.3	56.77	0~1.0	素填土:浅灰色或浅红色,结构松散,均匀性较差,主要成分为粘性土,局部含有砾石和碎石,还有少量砼块,砂砾为近期平整场地所至,砼块为民房旧居拆除遗留	1.37
ZK4	11.3	56.77	1.0~3.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩细砂砾	1.37
ZK4	11.3	56.77	3.0~8.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,硬可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩等细砂砾	1.37
			8.0~11.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有石英岩、花岗岩等中粗砂
			11.0~11.3	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆
ZK5	17.3	56.88	0~0.8	素填土:浅灰色或浅红色,结构松散,均匀性较差,主要成分为粘性土,局部含有砾石和碎石,还有少量砼块,砂砾为近期平整场地所至,砼块为民房旧居拆除遗留	1.28
			0.8~3.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软弱可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩细砂砾
			3.0~5.0	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,硬可塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,零星可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有砂岩、石英岩等细砂砾
			5.0~16.7	粉质黏土:浅灰色,褐黄色,软塑,切面光滑,稍有光泽,韧性中等,干强度中等,可见铁锰质结合及高岭土团块,形态主要呈现为黏、粉粒状,局部含有石英岩、花岗岩等中粗砂
			16.7-17.3	中风化石灰岩:青灰色,隐晶质结构,薄中厚层状构造,矿物成分以碳酸钙为主,节理裂隙较发育,钙质充填,局部有溶蚀现象,岩心多呈现短柱状,局部呈现块状,少量长柱状,锤击声脆

Geological drilling data statistics in the study area

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