渝东南复杂构造区常压页岩气地球物理勘探实践及攻关方向

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1202

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Abstract

Southern China boasts great potential for normal-pressure shale gas resources,with distribution areas primarily including the peripheral complex structural areas and the extrabasinal fold belts of the Sichuan Basin.These areas exhibit intricate surface and subsurface geological conditions,leading to poor seismic acquisition quality,low imaging accuracy,and unclear varying patterns of sweet spot parameters.This study systematically summarized the research achievements and technical advances in the seismic acquisition,image processing,and reservoir prediction for normal-pressure shale gas in southeastern Chongqing,including:①The development of variable-density 3D observation system design technique and the seismic excitation and reception technique for complex mountains with limestone surfaces,ensuring sufficient sampling of the reflected wave field in complex subsurface structures and improving data quality and construction efficiency;②The optimization of prestack seismic preprocessing technique for complex mountains,imaging techniques for complex structures in basin-margin transition zones, and imaging techniques for synclinal structures in extrabasinal fold belts,achieving resulting profiles with high signal-to-noise ratios,wide effective frequency bands,and high structural imaging accuracy;③The quantitative prediction of the thickness,formation pressure coefficient,and brittleness of high-quality shales based on research on petrophysical characteristics;the quantitative prediction of the organic carbon content,gas content,and porosity of shales based on statistical petrophysics;the quantitative prediction of fractures formed due to the superimposed effect of multi-stage structural modifications based on the paleo-stress field evolution revealed using the finite element simulation technique;and the ascertainment of the distribution patterns of the current in-situ stress field using the current stress field prediction technique developed using the combined spring model.The above breakthroughs have effectively guided the sweet spot prediction,exploration,and production of normal-pressure shale gas,providing a basis for the discovery of the Nanchuan normal-pressure shale gas field.Subsequent research should focus on more scientific and reasonable seismic acquisition techniques based on seismic reception using 5G wireless nodes,high-precision automatic image processing technologies for high-steep structures in complex mountains,and integrated geology-engineering-economy seismic evaluation methods for sweet spots.

Key words： normal-pressure shale gas basin-margin transition zone extrabasinal fold belt seismic acquisition image processing reservoir prediction

Received: 15 May 2023 Published: 16 April 2024

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	Articles by authors
	Xi-Peng HE
	Ming LIU
	Ye XUE
	Yan-Jing LI
	Gui-Song HE
	Qing-Li MENG
	Yong ZHANG
	Hao-Juan LIU
	Jia-Da LAN
	Fan YANG

Cite this article:

Xi-Peng HE,Ming LIU,Ye XUE, et al. Practices and future research directions of geophysical exploration for normal-pressure shale gas in complex structural areas,southeastern Chongqing[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(2): 314-326.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1202 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2024/V48/I2/314

Tectonic division and stratigraphic column of southeastern Chongqing

Comparison of seismic geological condition and acquisition observation system parameters in different regions of normal-pressure shale gas area

Comparison before and after optimization of excitation and reception parameters

Comparison of single gun record and spectrum of seismic acquisition before and after optimization of excitation and reception parameters
a—single gun record of seismic acquisition before optimization of excitation and reception parameters;b—single gun record of seismic acquisition after optimization of excitation and reception parameters;c—single gun record spectrum comparison before and after parameter optimization

Profile comparison of before and after regularization of five-dimensional pre-stack data
a—profile before regularization of five-dimensional pre-stack data;b—profile after regularization of five-dimensional pre-stack data

序号	甜点参数	计算方法	工作原理	预测吻合率
1	优质页岩厚度	①叠前反演求取纵横波速度比 ②求取纵横波速度比≤1.65的地层厚度	优质页岩气层纵横波速度比(1.58~1.65)低于普通泥页岩(1.65~1.75)	≥95%
2	压力系数	$P p = A × e B × V i × P o V m a x - V i V m a x - V m i n$ , 式中 $P p$ 为地层压力,MPa; $P o$ 为上覆岩层压力,MPa; $A$ 、 $B$ 为校正系数,针对渝东南常压页岩气储层,通过实际钻孔测试资料拟合求得A为0.068、B为6.64×10^-4; $V m a x$ 为孔隙接近于零时地层速度,近似基质速度,m/s; $V m i n$ 为刚性接近于零时速度,近似孔隙流体速度,m/s; $V i$ 为预测层段的层速度,m/s	①钻探表明随页岩地层压力系数增大,地层速度降低 ②在Fillippone法基础上引入校正系数 $A$ 、 $B$ ,消除岩性、埋深、物性等其他诸多因素对速度影响	≥90%
3	脆性指数	$B I = c × E / (1 - v 2)$ , 式中 $B I$ 为构建的脆性指数; $E$ 、 $v$ 分别为杨氏模量、泊松比,由叠前反演求取;c为常数,针对渝东南常压页岩气储层,实际数据拟合求得c为1.70	构建脆性指数 $B I$ ,与实际矿物脆性指数相关性高	≥90%
4	有机碳含量	$T O C = 41.21 - 14.94 ρ$ , 式中 $T O C$ 为有机碳含量; $ρ$ 为密度值,由叠前反演求取	密度值与TOC负相关性良好,相关系数达0.86,由两者的拟合关系得到基于密度的有机碳含量计算模型	≥92%
5	含气量	$C z = 50.65 - 18.55 ρ - 6.08 v - 0.02 λ ρ + 0.00025 I p$ , 式中 $C z$ 为含气量; $λ$ 、 $I p$ 分别为拉梅常数值、纵波阻抗值,由叠前反演求取	密度、纵波阻抗、 $λ ρ$ 和泊松比等弹性参数与含气量具有较好负相关性,建立页岩含气量预测多元回归模型	≥91%
6	孔隙度	①优选出叠后地震属性瞬时相位、瞬时频率,叠前AVO属性截距、梯度,以及弹性参数纵波阻抗、杨氏模量、密度、泊松比等共8种属性 ②采用概率神经网络技术,建立上述8种属性与孔隙度间的映射关系,求取孔隙度	对叠后、叠前地震等属性以及叠前反演求取的弹性参数代入概率神经网络进行训练学习,利用实验分析、测井资料设定训练数据集、验证数据集,优选敏感属性并建立与孔隙度间的概率神经网络映射关系	≥90%

Quantitative prediction methods for reservoir dessert parameters of normal-pressure shale gas

Prediction of ancient stress field and HFI in Nanchuan area
a—maximum principal stress direction in middle Yanshanian; b—maximum principal stress in middle Yanshanian; c—S₁ in middle Yanshanian; d—HFI in middle Yanshanian

Stress field prediction maps of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale reservoir in Nanchuan area
a—direction of horizontal maximum principal stress;b—horizontal maximum principal stress;c—horizontal minimum principal stress;d—horizontal stress difference coefficient

The exploration situation map of normal-pressure shale gas in complex structural area of southeastern Chongqing

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