安徽滁河断裂带温泉水地球化学特征及其形成机理

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1145

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Abstract

Several thermal springs associated with tectonic activity occur along the Chuhe fault zone. Except for the Bantang thermal spring at the southern end, other springs along the fault zone exhibit unideal utilization of thermal energy. This affects the development of local industries. Therefore, it is necessary to delve into the geochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of typical thermal springs along the Chuhe fault zone. The purpose is to provide scientific evidence for the rational utilization and exploration methods of geothermal resources in the thermal spring groups in the future. Therefore, this study investigated thermal springs in the Bantang, Zhaoguan, and Xiangquan areas along the Chuhe fault zone, where nine samples of thermal spring water, cold well water, and surface water were collected individually. For these samples, the composition tests of 25 indices, including anions, cations, and major and trace elements, were tested, and the hydrogen and oxygen isotope values were determined. The analyses of the 25 measured indices, along with the investigation of the geothermal water source and controlling factors through hydrogen and oxygen isotope tracing, indicate that the thermal spring water in the three areas tends to be of the CaSO₄ type and is all closely related to the interactions between groundwater and surrounding rocks. The thermal spring water, cold well water, and surface water in Bantang and Zhaoguan show consanguinity, with geothermal water being directly recharged with local precipitation and surface water. In contrast, the thermal spring water, surface water, and cold well water in the Xiangquan area show weaker consanguinity, indicating different sources for the underground cold water runoff and geothermal water. This should be noted when determining the primary factors controlling the thermal spring in this area. The temperatures calculated using a chalcedony geothermometer were close to the temperatures of the hot water recovered on the surface. In contrast, the temperatures calculated using a quartz geothermometer approached the temperatures of deep geothermal reservoirs. The results of this study preliminarily reveal the geochemical characteristics, recharge relationships, and water-rock interactions of thermal spring water in the Chuhe fault zone and propose effective geochemical geothermometers for the study area. These contribute to deeper insights into the mechanisms and controlling factors of the thermal springs along the fault zone, as well as providing practical value and a methodological model for enhancing thermal spring functionality and geothermal resource exploitation and utilization in the future.

Key words： Chuhe fault zone thermal spring hydrochemistry formation mechanism geothermal reservoir temperature

Received: 30 March 2023 Published: 21 October 2024

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	Guo-Jian WANG
	Wen-Hui HU
	Guang-Zhi LI
	Huai-Ping ZHU
	Bin HU
	Peng-Fei XIAO
	Ying ZHANG

Cite this article:

Guo-Jian WANG,Wen-Hui HU,Guang-Zhi LI, et al. Geochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of thermal spring water in the Chuhe fault zone in Anhui Province[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(5): 1223-1231.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1145 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2024/V48/I5/1223

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Distribution of thermal springs in the Chuhe fault zone^[2]

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Geological sketch of the Chuhe fault zone and the distribution of sampling points of water (modifiedaccording to references[9-10])

样品号	样品来源	Ca		Mg		Na		K			Cl^-		$HCO 3 -$		$SO 4 2 -$		Al		As		B		Ba		Cr
BT-1	半汤地表水	31.5		10.51		23.58		3.22			9.67		97.52		23.46		96		1.03		0		0.27		2.64
BT-2	半汤冷井水	34.57		13.65		2.77		72.2			23.55		170.95		72.44		26		11.19		0.02		0.06		5.22
BT-3	半汤温泉水	420.88		91.47		23.49		8.63			3.37		259.29		1074.61		89		1.87		0.03		0.04		7.86
ZG-1	昭关地表水	33.32		11.75		73.11		7.98			9.28		79.27		35.04		2090				0.02		0.08		19.61
ZG-2	昭关冷井水	102.87		43.13		100.05		132.16			42.27		385.41		82.31		850				0.03		0.13		19.99
ZG-3	昭关温泉水	330.84		105.45		76.97		18.79			7.24		281.91		984.89		600				0.05		0.04		13.97
XQ-1	香泉地表水	61.02		6.75		67.23		4.77			9.8		144.29		39.51		740				0.09		0.2		15.78
XQ-2	香泉冷井水	195.93		35.57		152.12		15.82			143.68		461		236.24		740				0.08		0.12		18.54
XQ-3	香泉温泉水	337.26		63.18		56.12		11.83			7.88		187.36		864.3		340				0.06		0.08		7.97
样品号	样品来源	Cu	Fe		Li		Mn		Mo	Ni		Pb		SiO₂		Sr		U		V		Zn		pH
BT-1	半汤地表水	1.38	0.04		0.07		0		0.41	1.35		0.1		0.68		0.09		0.95		0.32		233.45		7.1
BT-2	半汤冷井水	0.9	0.02		3.23		0			1.92		<0.02		29.78		0.12		0.15		5.64		226.05		6.8
BT-3	半汤温泉水	2.71	0.02		0.19		0.01		0.7	10.04		<0.02		54.15		10.57		0.23		0.65		558.55		6.9
ZG-1	昭关地表水	3.06	1.5		0		0.05		0.6	9.15		3.15		9.51		0.15		0.36		4.02		177.67		6.9
ZG-2	昭关冷井水	1.71	0.25		0.01		0.05		0.78	8.78		1.94		25.11		0.55		2.34		9.2		271.03		6.7
ZG-3	昭关温泉水	1.7	0.09		0.33		0.01		1.01	16.83		1.37		32.01		6.7		0.36		1.21		122.97		6.9
XQ-1	香泉地表水	1.52	0.2		0		0.02		1.19	6.55		1.6		2.51		0.23		0.95		2.78		779.84		6.8
XQ-2	香泉冷井水	1.77	0.3		0.04		1.7		4.5	12.92		1.6		27.28		5.23		1.13		5.85		175.82		6.7
XQ-3	香泉温泉水	5.6	0.37		0.17		0.01		2.16	17.67		1.31		40.84		10.06		0.31		1.35		138.24		7

Hydrochemical composition of samples of thermal spring water, cold well water, and surface water in the Bantang, Xiangquan, and Zhaoguan areas in the Chuhe fault zone

Hydrochemical parameters in the Bantang, Xiangquan, and Zhaoguan areas in the study area

Piper trilinear diagram showing the natural hydrochemical characteristics of the Bantang,Zhaoguan and Xiangquan areas

Hydrogen and oxygen isotope values of the water samples from Bantang, Zhaoguan, and Xiangquan areas

ρ(Na)-ρ(K)-ρ(Mg) ternary diagram of different water bodies in the Bantang, Zhaoguan, and Xiangquan areas

Multi-mineral saturation indices of the thermal spring water samples from the Bantang, Zhaoguan, and Xiangquan areas

Geothermal reservoir temperatures calculated using conventional geothermometers

Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the geothermal water, groundwater, and surface water in the Bantang, Zhaoguan, and Xiangquan areas in the Chuhe fault zone

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