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| Evaluating the nutritional and safety quality of camellia oil, oil content of camellia oleifera fruits, and site soils in Youyang |
LI Yu1( ), ZHANG Yu-Han1(), GUAN Kai-Jiang2, BAO Li-Ran1 |
1. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Land Quality Geological Survey, Southeast Sichuan Geological Group, Chongqing Geological and Mineral Resource Exploration and Development Bureau, Chongqing 400038, China
2. Agriculture and Rural Committee of Shapingba District, Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing 400038, China |
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Abstract To ascertain the nutritional quality, oil content characteristics, and growing environment of camellia oleifera in Youyang, Chongqing, China, this study analyzed the fatty acid composition of camellia oil and the oil content of camellia oleifera fruits produced in different strata. Furthermore, this study evaluated the soil nutrients and environmental quality of the site. The results indicate that the camellia oil from Youyang exhibited a similar fatty acid composition to olive oil, suggesting that camellia oleifera seeds are valuable high-grade oilseeds. The oil content of camellia oleifera fruits is significantly associated with strata. Camellia oleifera fruits produced in the Permian strata exhibit the highest oil content, followed by those in the Silurian and Ordovician strata sequentially. The cause of the differences lies in the varying geochemical composition of soils in different strata. The camellia oleifera site in Youyang manifests average soil nutrients but relatively high soil environmental quality, with only slightly over-limit Cd content. Therefore, camellia oleifera should be cultivated by applying various fertilizers in a scientific manner to ensure its healthy growth.
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Received: 28 February 2023
Published: 16 April 2024
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Corresponding Authors:
ZHANG Yu-Han
E-mail: Rachilee@163.com;15034119711@163.com
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Sampling sites of camellia oleifera and soil-in-root in Youyang County
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| 指标 | 方法名称 | 检出限 | | Se | 原子荧光光谱法 | 0.01 | | Hg | 0.002 | | As | 0.01 | | B | 发射光谱法 | 1 | | P | X射线荧光光谱法 | 8 | | S | 20 | | Cr | 0.4 | | Pb | 1.4 | | Zn | 1 | | CaO | 等离子体发射光谱法 | 0.02 | | K2O | 0.01 | | MgO | 0.02 | | Cu | 1 | | Ni | 0.4 | | Mn | 5 | | Mo | 极谱法 | 0.3 | | Cd | 等离子体质谱法 | 0.012 | | N | 酸碱滴定容量法 | 15 | | OrgC | 氧化还原法 | 0.05 |
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Analysis supporting scheme and detection limit of each index of soil-in-root in Youyang County
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| 脂肪酸 | 酉阳油茶籽油1 | 油茶籽油2 | 红松籽油2 | 茶叶籽油2 | 核桃油2 | 香榧油2 | 国内橄榄油2 | 进口橄榄油2 | | 硬脂酸 | 1.57 | 2.16 | 2.38 | 3.15 | 2.18 | 3.06 | 1.86 | 3.40 | | 棕榈酸 | 8.16 | 8.26 | 4.86 | 16.22 | 4.97 | 8.55 | 14.38 | 10.03 | | 油酸 | 78.63 | 80.55 | 26.52 | 53.24 | 25.82 | 27.57 | 70.33 | 75.69 | | 棕榈油酸 | 0.08 | 0.23 | | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 1.85 | 0.69 | | 亚油酸 | 8.42 | 8.11 | 46.70 | 25.92 | 59.13 | 44.05 | 10.12 | 7.78 | | 亚麻酸 | 0.78 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 6.61 | 0.79 | 0.90 | 0.83 | | 饱和脂肪酸总量 | 9.73 | 10.42 | 7.24 | 19.37 | 7.15 | 11.61 | 16.24 | 13.43 | | 不饱和脂肪酸总量 | 87.91 | 89.20 | 73.47 | 79.52 | 91.63 | 72.48 | 83.20 | 84.99 |
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Composition of fatty acid for eight different kinds of woody oil
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| 主要脂肪酸 | 限值/% | | 硬脂酸 | 0.3~4.8 | | 棕榈酸 | 3.9~14.5 | | 油酸 | 68.0~87.0 | | 棕榈油酸 | ≤0.2 | | 亚油酸 | 3.8~14.0 | | 亚麻酸 | ≤1.4 |
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Standard limits of various fatty acids in camellia oleifera seed oil
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| 地层 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 中位值 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 变异系数 | | 二叠系 | 27.23 | 38.87 | 32.24 | 31.87 | 4.66 | 0.15 | | 志留系 | 21.68 | 35.12 | 28.53 | 28.51 | 3.93 | 0.14 | | 奥陶系 | 19.94 | 28.92 | 27.77 | 26.10 | 4.19 | 0.16 | | 全区 | 19.94 | 38.87 | 28.57 | 28.93 | 4.37 | 0.16 |
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Oil content characteristics for oil-tea camellia fruit in the study area
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评价标准
GT/T 37917—2019 | 不同地层各等级比例/% | 全区/%
(n=17) | | 等级 | 出油率/% | 二叠系
(n=5) | 志留系
(n=8) | 奥陶系
(n=4) | | 1级 | ≥32 | 60 | 12.5 | 0 | 23.5 | | 2级 | ≥29 | 0 | 37.5 | 0 | 17.6 | | 3级 | ≥26 | 40 | 37.5 | 75 | 47.1 | | 4级 | ≥23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 等级外 | <23 | 0 | 12.5 | 25 | 11.8 |
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Probability distribution of oil yield rating for camellia oleifera seeds in the study area
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Stratigraphic distribution and oil conent of camellia oleifera in the study area
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| 指标 | 含量范围 | 平均值 | 营养等级 | | 有机质 | 5.91~192.74 | 19.41 | 较缺乏 | | N | 0.57~12.21 | 1.36 | 中等 | | P | 0.18~2.07 | 0.52 | 较缺乏 | | K | 5.95~40.10 | 21.95 | 较丰富 | | CaO | 0.09~6.13 | 0.26 | 缺乏 | | MgO | 0.34~10.93 | 1.34 | 中等 | | S | 57.90~947.40 | 228.71 | 中等 | | B | 29.70~217.90 | 70.74 | 丰富 | | Mn | 55.00~13456.00 | 801.52 | 丰富 | | Mo | 0.14~40.19 | 1.32 | 丰富 | | Cu | 4.70~97.90 | 24.93 | 较丰富 | | Zn | 24.10~841.90 | 89.27 | 丰富 | | Se | 0.103~7.84 | 0.42 | 富硒 |
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Distribution of mineral elements in soil of Youyang camellia oleifera producer
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| 元素 | 含量/10-6 | 比例/% | | 平均值 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 清洁 | 轻微超标 | 轻度超标 | 中度超标 | 重度超标 | | Cd | 0.262 | 0.036 | 1.040 | 37 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 | | Hg | 0.114 | 0.037 | 0.298 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Pb | 30.83 | 11.80 | 67.90 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | As | 13.36 | 3.20 | 28.80 | 47 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Cr | 82.80 | 17.30 | 119.60 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Cu | 25.34 | 4.41 | 43.20 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Zn | 89.86 | 24.60 | 144.60 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Ni | 34.04 | 8.00 | 96.10 | 49 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 综合 | | | | 37 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
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Characteristics of environmental quality and contents of heavy metal elements of soil-in-root in the study area
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