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Geochemical characteristics of fluorine in irrigation water and soils in the Gaomi area, Shandong Province, China |
JIANG Bing1,2,3( ), LIU Yang1, WU Zhen1,2, ZHANG De-Ming1, SUN Zeng-Bing1,2, MA Jian1 |
1. Shandong Provincial No.4 Institute of Geological and Mineral Survey, Weifang 261021, China 2. Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Geological Environment Protection, Shandong Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Weifang 261021, China 3. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China |
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Abstract This study aims to ascertain the distribution patterns and influencing factors of fluorine in irrigation water and soils in the Gaomi area, Shandong Province, China. Through systematic sampling and testing, this study obtained data including the pH and fluoride concentration of irrigation water and the pH, organic matter, and fluorine concentration of soils. Based on these data, this study plotted the geochemical contour maps for statistical, correlation, and difference analyses. Furthermore, this study explored the influencing factors. The results are as follows: (1) The irrigation water in the study area has a fluoride concentration of 1.89 mg/L on average, which shows strong spatial variability. Zones with high fluoride concentrations in irrigation water are distributed in the northern low-flat alluvial plain, with the number of samples with fluoride concentrations greater than 2 mg/L accounting for 63.16%. There is a significant positive correlation between the fluoride concentration in the irrigation water and the pH (P < 0.01); (2) The soils have a fluoride concentration of 455×10-6 on average, which shows an inhomogeneous spatial distribution. Zones with high or excess fluorine concentrations are distributed in the northern part of the study area. The fluorine concentrations of soils show significant positive correlations with the pH and organic matter of soils and the fluoride concentration of irrigation water (P < 0.01); (3) The fluoride concentrations in the irrigation water and soils are high in the distribution area of lime concretion black soil. The results of this study reveal the background characteristics and influencing factors of fluoride in the irrigation water and soils of the Gaomi area, providing a geochemical basis for the precise prevention and control of endemic fluorosis.
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Received: 20 October 2022
Published: 27 October 2023
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Soil types and distribution of irrigation water samples in the study area
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指标 | 统计数 | 异常数 | 平均值 | 标准差 | 变异系数 | 灌 溉 水 | 氟化物/ (mg·L-1) | 92 | 3 | 1.89 | 1.85 | 0.98 | | pH值 | 91 | 4 | 7.81 | 0.25 | 0.03 |
土 壤 | 氟/10-6 | 8066 | 131 | 455 | 167 | 0.37 | | 有机质/10-3 | 8116 | 81 | 16.28 | 5.68 | 0.35 | | pH值 | 8033 | 164 | 7.11 | 1.02 | 0.14 |
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Descriptive statistics of fluorine contents and soil physiochemical indexes
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Geochemical ditribution of fluoride in irrigation water
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Geochemical grade map of fluorine in topsoil
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| 土壤pH | 土壤有机质 | 灌溉水氟化物 | 与土壤氟的 Pearson相关性 | 0.458** | 0.411** | 0.653** | 显著性(双尾) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 样品数 | 7902 | 7986 | 91 |
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Correlation between soil fluorine and soil physiochemical indexes, fluoride in irrigation water
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指标 | 棕壤 | 褐土 | 粗骨土 | 砂姜黑土 | 潮土 | 潍坊市背景值[26] | 土壤氟/10-6 | 306 ± 54 c | 362 ± 66 b | 346 ± 85 b | 547 ± 151 a | 358 ± 97 b | 469 | 土壤有机质/10-3 | 12.44 ± 4.37 e | 16.51 ± 5.32 b | 15.15 ± 4.82 c | 17.87 ± 5.29 a | 14.23 ± 6.01 d | 13.79 | 土壤pH | 5.71 ± 0.80 e | 6.39 ± 0.91 c | 5.86 ± 1.08 d | 7.64 ± 0.71 a | 7.11 ± 0.92 b | 7.43 |
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Comparison of soil fluorine, organic matter and pH between different soil types
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