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The comprehensive evaluation of farmland soil environmental quality and suggestions on the development of agriculture with distinctive local features in Tumed Left Banner, Inner Mongolia |
BAO Feng-Qin1,2( ), CHENG Hang-Xin2( ), YONG Sheng3, YANG Yu-Liang1, MA Zhi-Chao1, ZHAO Li-Juan1 |
1. Key Laboratory of Metallization and Ore Prospecting for Magmatic Activities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010020, China 2. Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China 3. Public Security Management Department,Inner Mongolia Police Vocational College, Hohhot 010051, China |
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Abstract Land is an important basic resource for human survival and stable social and economic development, and cultivated land is an integral part of land resources. Ascertaining the quality of cultivated land is of great significance for the scientific and rational utilization of cultivated land and the sustainable development of green ecological agriculture. Using the methods for 1:50,000 geochemical survey and evaluation, this study conducted the quality evaluation and the classification of land in the study area based on the contents of beneficial nutrient elements and toxic and harmful elements in soils and analyzed the distribution and controlling factors of elements in soils. The results of this study are as follows. The soils in the study area consist mainly of alluvial-proluvial deposits from the Yellow River and are primarily used for agriculture and animal husbandry. The soils are not contaminated by heavy metals and are rich in nutrients, with the first- and second-grade excellent soils collectively accounting for 88.85%. Moreover, most soils in the study area have moderate selenium content. Therefore, it is recommended that selenium-rich land resources should be incorporated into the government land planning to develop agriculture with distinctive local features.
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Received: 06 February 2022
Published: 27 April 2023
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Land use status map of Tumd Left Banner
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Bitmap of sampling points
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指标 | 分析方法 | 方法检出限/10-6 | 报出率/% | ΔlgC平均值 | ΔlgC合格率/% | λ合格率/% | RSD/% | As | AFS | 0.6 | 100 | 0.008 | 100 | 100 | 1.4 | Cd | ICP-MS | 0.03 | 100 | 0.032 | 100 | 100 | 3.73 | Hg | AFS | 0.0005 | 100 | 0.019 | 100 | 100 | 2.14 | Pb | ICP-MS | 2 | 100 | 0.018 | 100 | 100 | 1.23 | Cr | XRF | 5 | 100 | 0.036 | 100 | 100 | 4.43 | Cu | XRF | 1 | 100 | 0.037 | 100 | 100 | 3.62 | Ni | XRF | 2 | 100 | 0.025 | 100 | 100 | 4.38 | Zn | XRF | 2 | 100 | 0.04 | 100 | 100 | 4.51 | N | TCD | 20 | 100 | 0.025 | 100 | 100 | 2.52 | P | XRF | 8 | 100 | 0.024 | 100 | 100 | 4.48 | K2O | XRF | 0.03* | 100 | 0.034 | 100 | 100 | 4.06 | Corg | VOL | 0.1* | 100 | 0.042 | 100 | 100 | 6.95 | Se | AFS | 0.01 | 100 | 0.035 | 100 | 100 | 3.24 | pH | ISE | 0.1** | | | | | |
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Analysis supporting scheme, detection limit, accuracy and precision control, statistical table of qualified rate of monitoring samples
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指标 | 一等(丰富) | 二等(较丰富) | 三等(中等) | 四等(较缺乏) | 五等(缺乏) | w(全氮)/10-3 | >2.00 | >1.50~2.00 | >1.00~1.50 | >0.75~1.00 | ≤0.75 | w(全磷)/10-3 | >1.0 | >0.8~1.0 | >0.6~0.8 | >0.4~0.6 | ≤0.4 | w(全钾)/10-3 | >25 | >20~25 | >15~20 | >10~15 | ≤10 | w(有机质)/10-3 | >40 | >30~40 | >20~30 | >10~20 | ≤10 | 指标 | 缺乏 | 边缘 | 适量 | 高 | 过剩 | w(Se)/10-6 | ≤0.125 | 0.125~0.175 | 0.175~0.40 | 0.40~3.0 | >3.0 |
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Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil and grading standard of selenium
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等级 | 一等 | 二等 | 三等 | 四等 | 五等 | f养综 | ≥4.5 | 4.5~3.5 | 3.5~2.5 | 2.5~1.5 | <1.5 |
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Comprehensive classification table of soil nutrient geochemistry
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污染物 项目 | 风险筛选值 | pH≤5.5 | 5.5< pH≤6.5 | 6.5< pH≤7.5 | pH>7.5 | w(Cd)/10-9 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 600 | w(Hg)/10-9 | 1300 | 1800 | 2400 | 3400 | w(As)/10-6 | 40 | 40 | 30 | 25 | w(Pb)/10-6 | 70 | 90 | 120 | 170 | w(Cr)/10-6 | 150 | 150 | 200 | 250 | w(Cu)/10-6 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 100 | w(Ni)/10-6 | 60 | 70 | 100 | 190 | w(Zn)/10-6 | 200 | 200 | 250 | 300 |
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Screening value of soil pollution risk for agricultural land
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等级 | 一等 | 二等 | 三等 | 四等 | 五等 | 土壤环境 | Pi ≤1 | 1<Pi ≤2 | 2<Pi ≤3 | 3<Pi ≤5 | Pi ≥5 | | 清洁 | 轻微污染 | 轻度污染 | 中度污染 | 重度污染 |
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Classification of soil environmental geochemistry
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等级 | 清洁 | 轻微污染 | 轻度污染 | 中度污染 | 重度污染 | 含义 | 丰富 | 一等 | 三等 | 四等 | 五等 | 五等 | 一等为优质,表明土壤环境清洁,土壤养分丰富至较丰富; 二等为良好,表明土壤环境清洁,土壤养分中等; 三等为中等,表明土壤环境清洁,土壤养分较缺乏或土壤环境较轻微污染,土壤养分丰富至较缺乏; 四等为差等,表明土壤环境清洁或轻微污染,土壤养分缺乏或土壤环境轻度污染,土壤养分丰富至缺乏或土壤盐渍化等级为强度; 五等为劣等,表明土壤环境中度或重度污染,土壤养分丰富至缺乏或土壤盐渍化等级为盐土 | 较丰富 | 一等 | 三等 | 四等 | 五等 | 五等 | 中等 | 二等 | 三等 | 四等 | 五等 | 五等 | 较缺乏 | 三等 | 三等 | 四等 | 五等 | 五等 | 缺乏 | 四等 | 四等 | 四等 | 五等 | 五等 |
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Graphical representation and meaning of soil quality geochemical comprehensive grades
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Soil pH distribution
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指标 | 最大值/ 10-3 | 最小值/ 10-3 | 均值/ 10-3 | 标准差/ 10-3 | 变异 系数 | 丰富 | 较丰富 | 中等 | 较缺乏 | 缺乏 | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 全磷 | 1.80 | 0.62 | 0.83 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 27 | 8.1 | 148 | 44.6 | 157 | 47.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 全钾 | 31.20 | 22.30 | 25.23 | 1.18 | 0.05 | 1 | 0.3 | 280 | 84.3 | 51 | 15.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 全氮 | 2.90 | 0.20 | 1.15 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 5 | 1.5 | 39 | 11.7 | 147 | 44.3 | 103 | 31 | 38 | 11.4 | 有机质 | 45.70 | 7.60 | 21.36 | 5.78 | 0.27 | 2 | 0.6 | 25 | 7.5 | 170 | 51.2 | 127 | 38.3 | 8 | 2.4 |
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Characteristic values and classification statistics of soil nutrient indicators
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元素 | 最大值/ 10-6 | 最小值/ 10-6 | 均值/ 10-6 | 标准差/ 10-6 | 变异 系数 | 缺乏 | 边缘 | 适量 | 高 | 过剩 | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | Se | 0.58 | 0.07 | 0.32 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 2 | 0.6 | 9 | 2.7 | 281 | 84.6 | 40 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
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Geochemical characteristic values and classification statistics of soil selenium
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Classification of selenium levels in soil
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等级 | 一等 | 二等 | 三等 | 四等 | 五等 | 样品数 | 13 | 132 | 151 | 36 | 0 | 比例/% | 3.92 | 39.76 | 45.48 | 10.84 | 0 | 面积/km2 | 1.57 | 15.90 | 18.19 | 4.34 | 0 |
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Statistical of comprehensive grade classification of soil nutrient geochemistry
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The comprehensive grading map of soil nutrient geochemistry
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元素 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 均值 | 标准差 | 变异系数 | 一等 | 二等 | 三等 | 四等 | 五等 | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | 样品数 | 比例/% | Cd | 0.62 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 0.27 | 331 | 99.7 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hg | 282.14 | 9.89 | 25.92 | 16.09 | 0.62 | 332 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | As | 16.25 | 3.38 | 9.78 | 1.89 | 0.19 | 332 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cu | 44.40 | 12.50 | 29.52 | 5.74 | 0.19 | 332 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pb | 51.50 | 15.24 | 21.68 | 2.74 | 0.13 | 332 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cr | 89.60 | 45.50 | 71.11 | 8.16 | 0.12 | 332 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Zn | 1008.40 | 34.40 | 77.23 | 52.78 | 0.68 | 331 | 99.7 | 1 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ni | 45.90 | 15.10 | 31.50 | 5.20 | 0.17 | 332 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Classification of single index geochemical grades of heavy metal elements
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等级 | 一等 (清洁) | 二等(轻 微污染) | 三等(轻 度污染) | 四等(中 度污染) | 五等(重 度污染) | 样品数 | 331 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 比例/% | 99.72 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Comprehensive classification of soil environmental geochemistry in the study area
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The comprehensive grading map of soil environmental geochemical quality
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等级 | 一等 | 二等 | 三等 | 四等 | 五等 | 样品数 | 144 | 151 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 比例/% | 43.37 | 45.48 | 11.14 | 0 | 0 | 面积/km2 | 17.35 | 18.19 | 4.46 | 0 | 0 |
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The comprehensive classification of soil quality and geochemistry
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The comprehensive grading map of soil quality geochemistry
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