This paper briefly describes the geological background of the Mayang basin in Hunan Province. The density characteristics and Bouguer gravity anomaly characteristics of the Mayang basin were analyzed. In combination with previous research results of seismic data and from the two aspects of gravity and seismic level, the authors emphatically studied the formation mechanism of Mayang gravity high, crystalline basement uplift and Moho uplift. The authors carried out the semi-quantitative inversion of inference and interpretation for Mayang high gravity anomaly. According to the relevant literature, the tectonic evolution characteristics of Mayang basin were analyzed, and the discovery of the deep structure and its ore-controlling significance in Mayang basin were pointed out. In addition, a new idea in search for oil and gas reservoirs in Mayang basin is put forward.