南黄海强屏蔽层下富低频强能量气枪震源设计及应用

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1166

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摘要

南黄海盆地新近系和中—古生界地层之间存在一个强屏蔽层,阻碍地震波能量向下传播,导致深部地层地震反射波能量低、波组特征差,严重制约了中—古生界油气勘探的突破。为了进一步改善南黄海强屏蔽下中—古生界地层的成像质量,从震源激发端进行大量的模拟分析研究,提出了富低频、强能量震源设计方法,优化设计了6 050 in³富低频、强能量震源。在崂山隆起西部极浅水区开展了拖缆地震采集,新采集的资料在强屏蔽层下深层的信噪比更高,同相轴更连续,构造特征更清晰,强屏蔽层下的地震资料品质改善明显。

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	李珂

关键词 ：南黄海, 强屏蔽层, 大容量, 富低频, 震源设计

Abstract：

A strong shielding layer exists between Neogene and Meso-Paleozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin,hindering the downward propagation of seismic wave energy.Consequently,reflected seismic waves in deep strata manifest low energy and poor wave group characteristics,severely constraining the oil and gas exploration in Meso-Paleozoic strata.To enhance the imaging quality of Meso-Paleozoic strata under the strong shielding layer,this study proposed a method for designing a high-energy airgun source rich in low-frequency components through extensive simulation analyses at the excitation end of the source.Finally,a 6050 in³ high-energy airgun source rich in low-frequency components was designed and applied to the streamer-based seismic data acquisition in the extremely shallow water area in the western Laoshan uplift.The seismic data acquired in the deep strata under the strong shielding layer demonstrate significantly improved quality,exhibiting a higher signal-to-noise ratio,more continuous seismic events,and clearer structural characteristics.

Key words： South Yellow Sea strong shielding layer high capacity rich low-frequency component source design

收稿日期: 2024-04-24 修回日期: 2024-07-11 出版日期: 2024-10-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室“十四五”重大项目(LSKJ202203404)

通讯作者: 陈建文(1965-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事海洋油气资源调查评价与研究工作。Email:jwchen2012@126.com

作者简介: 黄福强(1988-),男,2012年毕业于中国石油大学(北京),高级工程师,主要从事海洋地质、地球物理方面的研究工作。Email:18621763931@163.com

引用本文:

黄福强, 陈建文, 李斌, 张异彪, 杨佳佳, 李珂. 南黄海强屏蔽层下富低频强能量气枪震源设计及应用[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(5): 1294-1301.
HUANG Fu-Qiang, CHEN Jian-Wen, LI Bin, ZHANG Yi-Biao, YANG Jia-Jia, LI Ke. Design and application of a high-energy airgun source rich in low-frequency components under the strong shielding layer in the South Yellow Sea. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(5): 1294-1301.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1166 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I5/1294

Table 1 南黄海地震调查项目所用震源信息

Fig.1 不同沉放深度的震源子波频谱特征曲线

Fig.2 4种气枪类型的单枪子波低频信号曲线

Fig.3 4种气枪类型的单枪子波能量关系曲线

Fig.4 相同总容量不同单枪数目子波能量关系曲线

Table 2 不同容量相干枪震源子波能量统计

Fig.5 不同容量相干枪子波能量对比关系曲线

Fig.6 设计的6 050 in³震源平面排布示意

Table 3 6 050 in³组合震源在不同的沉放深度(6~12 m)模拟远场子波参数统计

Fig.7 6 050 in³震源沉放7 m时模拟子波

Fig.8 6 050 in³震源沉放7 m时模拟子波频谱

Table 4 2022年崂山隆起西部极浅水区地震采集主要参数

Fig.9 采集原始单炮记录

Fig.10 采集原始单炮记录频谱分析

Fig.11 2009、2022年新老资料单炮频谱对比

Fig.12 2009、2022年新老资料在相同覆盖次数(60次)下的偏移剖面对比

Fig.13 偏移成果剖面对比

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