三维边缘保持滤波方法在海上地震数据噪声压制中的应用研究——以东海某凹陷为例

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2021.1283

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摘要

东海C区块具有复杂断块发育、地层非均质性强、储层连通性复杂等特点,同时受采集等因素的影响,地震资料随机噪声较为严重,给后续的勘探开发工作带来极大挑战。为此本文提出将改进的F-X滤波和各向异性扩散滤波技术相结合的三维边缘保持滤波方法。该方法通过结构张量估计得到目标地层的倾角和方位角,在倾角和方位角信息约束下提取目标点位置处的滤波窗口,在滤波窗口内采用自适应F-X滤波,从而实现随机噪声的压制,增强有效反射信息的连续性、保护断层等不连续地质体的边缘信息的目的。三维模拟数据和实际地震数据测试表明,与常规F-X滤波方法以及各向异性扩散滤波方法相比,新方法在提高数据体信噪比的同时,能有效保护断层等边缘信息的反射信号,增强地震剖面中弯曲、倾斜同相轴的连续性,在时间切片中较好地展示地质体边缘信息的连续性。

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	孙永壮
	李键
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关键词 ：地质构造约束, 复杂断块, 各向异性扩散滤波, F-X, 边缘保持滤波

Abstract：

Block C of the East China Sea has the characteristics of complex fault block development,strong stratigraphic heterogeneity,and complex reservoir connectivity.Affected by acquisition and other factors, the random noise of seismic data is relatively serious, which brings great challenges to subsequent exploration and development work.To eliminate random noise effectively and keep the structure information of seismic reflection at the same time,this paper proposes a de-noising method by combining anisotropic diffusion filter technique and F-X edge-preserving filter method.The new method obtains the dip and azimuth of the target formation by gradient structure tensor,extracts the filter window at the target point under the constraints of the dip and azimuth information,and uses adaptive F-X filtering in the filter window to suppress random noise,finally reaching the goals of improving the continuity of seismic reflection in complex fault zone and enhancing the coherence of reflection event and highlighting the edges.The results of 3D modeling and application in real 3D data indicate that the new method has effectively smoothed the reflection events without blurring relevant details of faults and discontinuities on seismic sections. Compared with conventional de-noising method,the new method can improve signal-to-noise ratio and protect seismic reflection and structural information.Meanwhile,the continuity of the edge information of the geological body is better displayed in the time slice.

Key words： structure oriented complex fault block anisotropic diffusion filter F-X edge-preserving

收稿日期: 2020-06-03 修回日期: 2021-03-04 出版日期: 2021-06-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:国家科技重大专项课题“东海深层大型气田勘探评价技术”(2016ZX05027-02)

作者简介: 孙永壮(1988-),男,硕士,现主要从事地球物理资料处理、解释方法研究工作。Email: sunyzh4@cnooc.com.cn

引用本文:

孙永壮, 李键, 秦德文, 刘庆文. 三维边缘保持滤波方法在海上地震数据噪声压制中的应用研究——以东海某凹陷为例[J]. 物探与化探, 2021, 45(3): 692-701.
SUN Yong-Zhuang, LI Jian, QIN De-Wen, LIU Qing-Wen. The application of 3D edge-preserving de-noising methods based on structure oriented in a complex faults block:A case study of C oilfield in East China Sea. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2021, 45(3): 692-701.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2021.1283 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I3/692

Table 1 特征值、特征向量对应的地质结构

Fig.1 根据结构张量矩阵估计得到局部地层的法线方向v₁

Fig.2 多窗口滤波窗口示意
a—六边形滤波窗口;b—五边形滤波窗口;c—正方形滤波窗口

Fig.3 原始三维断层模型及含噪三维断层模型
a—原始无噪三维模型;b—含5 dB噪声的三维模型

Fig.4 原始模型及噪声模型切片
a—原始无噪模型主测线方向;b—原始无噪模型横测线方向;c—原始无噪模型水平切片;d—噪声模型主测线方向;e—噪声模型横测线方向;f—噪声模型水平切片

Fig.5 常规F-X方法去噪结果
a—去噪数据主测线方向;b—去噪数据横测线方向;c—去噪数据水平切片

Fig.6 各向异性扩散滤波去噪结果
a—去噪数据主测线方向;b—去噪数据横测线方向;c—去噪数据水平切片

Fig.7 本文方法去噪结果
a—去噪数据主测线方向;b—去噪数据横测线方向;c—去噪数据水平切片

Fig.8 原始无噪数据和含噪数据以及3种去噪方法结果单道数据对比显示
1—无噪声数据;2—本文方法去噪数据;3—各向异性去噪数据;4—噪声信号;5—常规F-X去噪数据

Fig.9 原始地震数据及对应的构造倾角、方位角剖面
a—原始地震数据;b—计算的构造倾角;c—计算的构造方位角

Fig.10 不同的去噪结果剖面
a—新方法去噪结果剖面;b—常规F-X方法去噪结果剖面;c—各向异性扩散滤波结果剖面

Fig.11 不同去噪结果水平切片
a—新方法去噪结果水平切片;b—常规F-X方法去噪结果水平切片;c—各向异性扩散滤波结果水平切片

Fig.12 数据压噪前后对比示意
1—原始数据;2—本文方法滤波结果;3—各向异性滤波结果;4—常规F-X滤波结果

Fig.13 不同去噪方法压制的噪声剖面
a—新方法压制的噪声剖面;b—常规F-X方法压制的噪声剖面;c—各向异性扩散滤波压制的噪声剖面

Fig.14 不同去噪方法压制的噪声水平切片
a—新方法压制的噪声水平切片;b—常规F-X方法压制的噪声水平切片;c—各向异性扩散滤波压制的噪声水平切片

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