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| Assessment of green food production areas: A case study of the Yongqing area in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region |
HU Qing-Hai1,2( ), WANG Xue-Qiu1,2(), TIAN Mi1,2, WU Hui1,2, LIU Qing-Qing1,2, LI Jun-Hua3, PAN Wei1,2, WANG Li-Jun1,2 |
1. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS),Langfang 065000, China
2. UNESCO International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry, Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS),Langfang 065000, China
3. Langfang Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China |
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Abstract The green food industry has developed vigorously in recent years. Properly choosing green food production areas through environmental quality surveys and assessments can ensure the quality of green food and generate significant economic, social, and ecological benefits. China has obtained vast amounts of high-quality geochemical data by implementing a series of geochemical survey programs. However, there is a lack of software platforms that can translate these scientific data into a language that is easily understandable and usable by the public. To address this issue, this study conducted a systematic investigation and assessment of green land at the village and plot scale in Yongqing County. A total of 822 topsoil and deep soil samples were collected from 386 administrative villages and four agricultural science and technology industrial parks in Yongqing County. Based on these soil samples, 54 elements and indicators were analyzed, focusing on nutrient elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium closely associated with green food production areas, eight hazardous heavy metals including copper, lead, zinc, nickel, chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury, and health-related elements like selenium, germanium, fluorine, and iodine. The land in the Yongqing area was categorized and rated to comprehensively analyze the distribution of the elements and systematically assess and utilize the land. Finally, unique QR codes were generated for various land plots. The survey results indicate that the Yongqing area, one of the cleanest contiguous land areas in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, holds a solid foundation for vigorously developing the green food industry. The QR code identification technology can serve the protection and utilization of green land and farmers' production and income increase. This technology assists in establishing an accurate zoning and grading system based on geochemical characteristics for the study area. The system further facilitates the formulation of targeted ecosystem conservation measures characterized by specialized strategies for specific locations, achieving precise management and efficient control of ecosystems. Moreover, based on the Chemical Earth big data platform, the first geochemical spatial big data platform for green industries can be constructed to create the database of green land in Yongqing County and generate QR codes for visual land identification, thereby facilitating the government's management, enterprises' farming and sales, and consumers' inquiries. This technology is expected to generate significant economic and social benefits in the future.
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Received: 29 November 2024
Published: 23 October 2025
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10-11]
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Soil sampling sites of the Yongqing County[10-11]
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| 分析方法 | 项数 | 元素指标(检出限) | | X射线荧光光谱法(XRF) | 21 | Ba(5)、Br(1)、Cl(20)、Cr(5)、Ge(0.1)、La(1)、P(5)、V(5)、Mn(5)、
Nb(2)、Rb(5)、Sr(5)、Tl(0.1)、Ti(5)、Y(1)、Zr(2)、SiO2(0.1)、
Al2O3(0.05)、Fe2O3(0.05)、K2O(0.05)、CaO(0.05) | | 电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) | 12 | Bi(0.05)、Cd(30)、Cs(1)、Co(1)、Cu(1)、Ga(2)、Mo(0.2)、Ni(2)、
Pb(2)、Sc(1)、Th(2)、U(0.1) | | 电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱法(ICP-OES) | 6 | Na2O(0.1)、MgO(0.05)、S(30)、Zn(4)、Be(0.5)、Li(1) | | 氢化物—原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS) | 3 | As(1)、Sb(0.05)、Se(0.01) | | 冷蒸汽—原子荧光光谱法(CV-AFS) | 1 | Hg(0.5) | | 发射光谱法(ES) | 2 | B(1)、Sn(1) | | 离子选择性电极法(ISE) | 1 | F(100) | | 催化—分光光度法(COL) | 1 | I(0.5) | | 氧化燃烧—气相色谱法(GC) | 2 | N(20)、TC(0.1) | | 氧化热解—电位法(POT) | 1 | Corg(0.1) | | 电位法(POT) | 1 | pH(0.1) | | 碱解—扩散法 | 1 | 碱解氮(1.25) | | 乙酸铵提取,等离子体光谱法测定(ICP-OES) | 1 | 速效钾(1.25) | | 碳酸氢钠提取,等离子体光谱法测定(ICP-OES) | 1 | 有效磷(0.25) | | 氯化铵—乙酸铵交换法 | 1 | CEC(2.5) |
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Soil sample analysis method matching scheme
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| 绿色食品产地环境质量要求 | As | Cd | Cr | Cu | Hg | Ni | Pb | Zn | | pH<6.5 | 25 | 0.3 | 120 | 50 | 0.25 | | 50 | | | 6.5≤pH≤7.5 | 20 | 0.3 | 120 | 60 | 0.3 | | 50 | | | pH>7.5 | 20 | 0.4 | 120 | 60 | 0.35 | | 50 | | | 农用地土壤污染风险管制值 | As | Cd | Cr | Cu | Hg | Ni | Pb | Zn | | pH≤5.5 | 200 | 1.5 | 800 | 250* | 2.0 | 300* | 400 | 1000* | | 5.5<pH≤6.5 | 150 | 2.0 | 850 | 250* | 2.5 | 350* | 500 | 1000* | | 6.5<pH≤7.5 | 120 | 3.0 | 1000 | 500* | 4.0 | 500* | 700 | 1250* | | pH>7.5 | 100 | 4.0 | 1300 | 500* | 6.0 | 950* | 1000 | 1500* |
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Environmental quality requirement of green food production area and risk control values for soil pollution of agricultural land
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| 项目 | 级别 | 旱地 | 菜地 | 园地 | | 有机质 | Ⅰ | >15 | >30 | >20 | | Ⅱ | 10~15 | 20~30 | 15~20 | | Ⅲ | <10 | <20 | <15 | | 全氮 | Ⅰ | >1.0 | >1.2 | >1.0 | | Ⅱ | 0.8~1.0 | 1.0~1.2 | 0.8~1.0 | | Ⅲ | <0.8 | <1.0 | <0.8 | | 有效磷 | Ⅰ | >10 | >40 | >10 | | Ⅱ | 5~10 | 20~40 | 5~10 | | Ⅲ | <5 | <20 | <5 | | 速效钾 | Ⅰ | >120 | >150 | >100 | | Ⅱ | 80~120 | 100~150 | 50~100 | | Ⅲ | <80 | <100 | <50 |
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Soil fertility grading standard of green food production area (according to the Environmental Quality of Green Food Origin (NY/T 391—2021) [15])
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Interface of the “Chemical Earth” platform
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| 参数 | Se | I | F | Ge | | 最小值 | 0.05 | 0.43 | 350 | 0.62 | | 最大值 | 0.44 | 17.00 | 1104 | 1.66 | | 平均值 | 0.17 | 3.84 | 557 | 1.21 | | 中位数 | 0.17 | 3.44 | 544 | 1.19 | | 变异系数/% | 28.20 | 63.50 | 20.1 | 11.90 | | 河北省表层土壤平均值[21] | | 1.55 | 462 | 1.60 | | 中国表层土壤平均值[21] | 0.29 | 3.80 | 480 | 1.70 |
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Statistics of selenium, iodine, fluorine, germanium in surface soils in the Yongqing county 10-6
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Geochemical maps of selenium (a), iodine (b), fluorine (c), germanium (d) contents in surface soils in the Yongqing
County
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Geochemical class maps of selenium (a), iodine (b), fluorine (c), germanium (d) contents in surface soils in the Yongqing county
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Land two-dimensional code identification and content display of the Yanfen family farm in Yongqing County, Hebei Province
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Interface of “the Green Land” module in the “Chemical Earth” platform
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