用于氦光泵磁力仪的数字滤波器设计

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.1394

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Abstract

The non-self-oscillating optically pumped helium magnetometer is widely used in the field of geophysical exploration. The filter, as a key module for the digitization of domestic magnetometers, plays a significant role in improving the performance of the magnetometer. In view of the limits of the current filter design, this study developed and implemented a multi-stage filter design characterized by a simple structure, low FPGA resource consumption, and user-friendly operation. Specifically, the multi-stage cascaded integrator comb (CIC) filter was cascaded with the infinite impulse response (IIR) filter, which was then embedded into a lock-in amplifier, thereby enabling signal extraction and detection. Through MATLAB simulation and FPGA implementation, the performance of this newly designed filter was verified, which can realize the extraction of the first and second harmonic signals during magnetic surveys. Furthermore, an optically pumped helium magnetometer configured with such a filter exhibited a picotesla (pT) sensitivity, satisfying the requirements of the Criterion of Aeromagnetic Survey. This new design provides technical support for the miniaturization of new-generation aerial magnetometers.

Key words： optically pumped helium magnetometer digital filter cascaded integrator comb (CIC)filter infinite impulse response (IIR) filter lock-in amplifier

Received: 23 September 2024 Published: 23 October 2025

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	Articles by authors
	Qi GUO
	Xiao-Dan DENG
	Xue-Yan LI
	Xiao-Dong LUAN
	Meng LI
	Bing LI
	Min-Ying XIE
	Zheng-Yi FAN

Cite this article:

Qi GUO,Xiao-Dan DENG,Xue-Yan LI, et al. Design of a digital filter for optically pumped helium magnetometers[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(5): 1190-1200.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1394 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I5/1190

System diagram of optically pumped helium magnetometer

Magnetic resonance curve (a), fundamental wave (b), and second harmonic curve (c) model diagram

Basic structure diagram of lock-in amplifier

Structure diagram of single stage CIC filter

Amplitude frequency characteristics of single stage CIC filter with different decimation factor

Structural transformation of multi-stage CIC filter

Normalized amplitude frequency characteristics of multi-stage CIC filters with same decimation factor

Normalized amplitude frequency characteristics of 4-stage CIC 128 times decimation filter

Different a values correspond to amplitude frequency characteristics of first-order low-pass IIR filters

Different a values correspond to time domain characteristics of first-order low-pass IIR filters

Different f_c values correspond to amplitude frequency characteristics of first-order low-pass IIR filters

Comparison of first-order and second-order low-pass IIR filters

Lock-in amplifier for fundamental signal extraction

Lock-in amplifier for second harmonic signal extraction

Measured second harmonic signal waveform

Measured fundamental signal waveform

Comparison of key indicators of digital LIA in this paper with the market related products

Optically pumped helium magnetometer tested in a shielded cylinder

Continuous measurement results of optically pumped helium magnetometer

PSD of optically pumped helium magnetometer

Dynamic test results of optically pumped helium magnetometer

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