三江平原耕地土壤重金属元素分布特征及影响因素的多元统计分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2022.0048

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Abstract

Geostatistical and multivariate analyses are effective methods to determine the source of heavy metal elements in the soil. The comparison of the contents and distribution of heavy metal elements in the topsoil and subsoil in different geological setting areas can provide a basis for studying the sources of heavy metal elements in the soil. As one of the areas with concentrated marsh wetlands in China, the Sanjiang Plain has a temperate humid and subhumid continental monsoon climate, is an important grain production base, and has a low degree of industrial activities. This study investigated the main factors affecting the distribution of heavy metal elements in the soil of cultivated land of the Sanjiang Plain on a regional scale. Samples were collected from the topsoil and subsoil of the Sanjiang Plain. The minimum, maximum, median, and average contents, coefficient of variation, and concentration coefficient of eight heavy metal elements (i.e., As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Zn) in the samples were calculated. The results are as follows. The Sanjiang Plain has superior soil environmental quality. The topsoil samples had slightly lower contents of heavy metal elements except for Cd (e.g., As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) than the subsoil samples. All these elements in the topsoil samples had concentration coefficients less than 2, except for those in the topsoil samples collected at certain points, which had high concentration coefficients of Cd, Hg, and As elements. The main factors influencing heavy metal elements in the topsoil and subsoil in five soil parent material regions were determined through geostatistical and Pearson correlation analyses. The comprehensive analysis results show that elements Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn mainly originate from the soil parent materials, and Cd, Hg, and As may also be affected by human activities in some areas.

Key words： heavy metal element topsoil subsoil geostatistical and multivariate analyses Sanjiang Plain

Received: 27 January 2022 Published: 03 January 2023

ZTFLH:	X142
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Corresponding Authors: YANG Feng-Chao E-mail: yunhong408@163.com;yangfc123@163.com

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	Yun-Hong SONG
	Feng-Chao YANG
	Kai LIU
	Hui-Min DAI
	Jiang XU
	Ze YANG

Cite this article:

Yun-Hong SONG,Feng-Chao YANG,Kai LIU, et al. A multivariate statistical analysis of the distribution and influencing factors of heavy metal elements in the cultivated land of the Sanjiang Plain[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2022, 46(5): 1064-1075.

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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/10.11720/wtyht.2022.0048 OR https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/EN/Y2022/V46/I5/1064

Sampling sketch map of soil sample from Sanjiang Plain

参数	As	Cd	Cr			Cu	Hg			Ni		Pb		Zn		Sc
全部表层土壤,N=9873
平均值/10^-6	8.85	0.083	65.09			21.76	0.034			25.69		25.62		63.52		11.75
中位数/10^-6	8.40	0.075	65.30			21.90	0.031			24.90		25.5		62		11.9
变异系数/%	37.26	50.83	18.78			22.16	54.73			22.73		10.70		20.87		15.51
数据范围/10^-6	1.80~116.8	0.009~1.740	16.5~281			4~74	0.013~1.25			5.8~147		2.3~68.3		24.4~225.1		2.3~21.9
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	8.41±1.30	0.076±1.39	64.27±1.18			21.38±1.24	0.032±1.282			25.06±1.22		25.53±1.10		62.09±1.21		11.72±1.16
黑龙江省A层背景值^[24]/10^-6	7.3	0.086	58.6			20	0.037			22.8		24.2		70.7		10.79
全部深层土壤,N=2697
平均值/10^-6	11.16	0.075	71.40			21.98	0.036			28.42		25.97		71.33		12.17
中位数/10^-6	10.80	0.072	75.30			23.6	0.035			29.50		26.3		73.6		13.1
变异系数/%	51.07	36.60	29.75			30.27	34.43			38.45		12.84		20.67		24.11
数据范围/10^-6	1.82~225	0.013~0.36	9.6~371.6			2.5~98.25	0.006~0.274			3.4~294.4		10.75~49.6		13.8~142.5		1.6~24.6
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	10.50±1.34	0.071±1.40	73.11±1.19			21.78±1.32	0.034±1.34			27.48±1.31		25.82±1.13		72.44±1.19		12.42±1.22
黑龙江省C层背景值^[24]/10^-6	11.4	0.078	59.5			21	0.040			24.3		24.4		69.9		无
第四系表层,N=8383
平均值/10^-6	8.21	0.079	65.50			21.88	0.032			25.43		25.18		60.47		11.65
中位数/10^-6	8.00	0.072	65.70			22.40	0.031			24.80		25.10		58.00		11.80
变异系数/%	27.55	44.36	18.15			21.39	47.43			19.61		9.16		20.45		15.93
数据范围/10^-6	1.80~43.45	0.009~1.167	16.5~121.6			4~49.4	0.013~0.986			8.08~47.9		9.2~61.75		27.4~212.1		2.9~19.1
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	7.96±1.26	0.074±1.42	64.86±1.19			21.52±1.24	0.031±1.253			25.00±1.21		25.12±1.08		59.16±1.21		11.61±1.16
变质岩表层,N=454
平均值/10^-6	10.32	0.093	69.98			21.64	0.034			27.11		27.90		72.45		12.29
中位数/10^-6	9.98	0.083	70.00			21.45	0.030			26.50		27.40		71.05		12.40
变异系数/%	41.44	59.11	20.61			24.02	50.82			23.00		12.39		21.32		13.01
数据范围/10^-6	1.84~59.70	0.023~0.790	31.40~197.8			9.15~55.15	0.015~0.258			10.40~62.10		19.40~53.20		42.00~213.4		6.76~17.2
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	9.71±1.32	0.083±1.30	68.39±1.17			20.94±1.23	0.031±1.303			26.61±1.23		27.67±1.11		70.47±1.18		12.27±1.14
沉积岩表层,N=481
平均值/10^-6	10.15	0.085	68.78			21.52	0.035			25.71		27.29		66.42		12.32
中位数/10^-6	10.40	0.077	68.80			21.30	0.032			24.60		27.10		63.90		12.40
变异系数/%	24.45	44.98	18.45			18.35	37.57			24.55		11.78		18.10		13.10
数据范围/10^-6	4.32~19.4	0.032~0.445	29.85~167.7			9~39	0.018~0.180			9.3~67.2		19.9~46.6		44~119.7		6.58~18
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	9.89±1.29	0.077±1.34	67.45±1.15			21.23±1.18	0.032±1.265			24.94±1.22		27.04±1.12		65.16±1.18		12.25±1.13
花岗岩表层,N=251
平均值/10^-6	10.03	0.085	69.16		20.40		0.039		26.73		28.03		71.55		12.06
中位数/10^-6	9.70	0.081	68.10		20.10		0.032		25.60		27.80		69.90		12.20
变异系数/%	38.19	30.83	21.65		20.20		198.07		22.73		14.36		15.21		12.20
数据范围/10^-6	3.80~33.05	0.030~0.255	36.9~170		11.5~33.8		0.016~1.25		13.1~56.2		20.2~46		46.7~108.7		8.26~15.4
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	9.31±1.37	0.081±1.27	66.99±1.17		20.0±1.23		0.032±1.309		25.88±1.21		27.67±1.14		70.80±1.16		11.97±1.14
参数	As	Cd	Cr		Cu		Hg		Ni		Pb		Zn		Sc
火山岩表层,N=304
平均值/10^-6	10.85	0.083		73.79	23.18			0.033	28.20		26.69		67.84		12.86
中位数/10^-6	9.99	0.080		69.85	22.90			0.031	26.15		26.40		67.05		12.70
变异系数/%	50.85	28.56		25.29	21.77			29.46	31.06		11.73		16.48		14.02
数据范围/10^-6	4.76~63.80	0.041~0.20		45~163.3	13.05~43.2			0.019~0.095	15.8~65.50		17.3~37.60		43.35~105.3		7.51~21.8
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	9.84±1.30	0.079±1.31		71.45±1.25	22.65±1.23			0.032±1.276	26.92±1.31		26.49±1.12		66.99±1.18		12.74±1.13
第四系深层,N=2214
平均值/10^-6	10.98	0.074		69.61	21.88			0.036	27.99		26.09		70.11		12.02
中位数/10^-6	10.65	0.070		76.30	24.30			0.036	30.30		26.60		72.60		13.20
变异系数/%	45.32	37.47		25.88	29.19			27.86	27.32		12.53		21.29		25.19
数据范围/10^-6	2.35~225	0.013~0.22		9.6~262	2.5~38.9			0.006~0.095	3.4~146.9		14~49.6		13.8~120.8		1.6~24.6
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	10.30±1.31	0.070±1.45		71.78±1.22	21.63±1.35			0.034±1.33	27.42±1.32		26.00±1.13		70.80±1.21		12.05±1.28
变质岩深层,N=115
平均值/10^-6	12.58	0.075		84.87	23.53			0.037	30.04		28.17		77.15		12.84
中位数/10^-6	11.20	0.073		83.50	23.4			0.032	30.50		28		78.70		13.40
变异系数/%	140.56	31.04		33.76	40.02			41.26	45.93		12.75		16.17		19.40
数据范围/10^-6	2.27~225	0.028~0.18		12.9~301.3	3.5~98.25			0.011~0.128	5.2~154.4		10.75~40.3		21~117.5		2.96~24.6
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	10.94±1.28	0.071±1.32		82.04±1.16	22.18±1.29			0.034±1.38	28.91±1.23		28.18±1.11		76.56±1.18		12.91±1.16
沉积岩深层,N=131
平均值/10^-6	11.32	0.073		80.62	23.03			0.038	29.63		27.32		74.15		12.91
中位数/10^-6	11.30	0.071		79.80	23.6			0.037	29.20		27.3		75.00		13.20
变异系数/%	28.61	30.57		20.99	22.93			32.25	26.65		11.71		14.90		17.76
数据范围/10^-6	2.66~28.4	0.017~0.20		15.75~180.7	4.7~40.6			0.013~0.115	6.9~68.00		17.80~40.3		39.5~108.3		3.96~19.2
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	10.99±1.24	0.070±1.30		79.62±1.16	22.86±1.24			0.036±1.32	28.45±1.27		27.23±1.11		73.45±1.17		12.97±1.17
花岗岩深层,N=134
平均值/10^-6	10.43	0.072		83.90	22.62			0.038	32.09		27.50		77.39		12.96
中位数/10^-6	11.0	0.071		80.60	21.60			0.035	29.40		27.7		78.6		13.1
变异系数/%	27.39	26.53		32.29	34.66			37.41	68.26		11.76		15.79		17.73
数据范围/10^-6	3.72~21.3	0.041~0.16		24.9~251.1	8.1~76.1			0.015~0.128	9.9~202.9		14.2~35.1		48.4~117.7		7.28~24.3
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	10.26±1.32	0.070±1.29		78.52±1.16	21.33±1.27			0.035±1.32	28.84±1.23		27.48±1.12		76.38±1.17		12.79±1.16
火山岩深层,N=105
平均值/10^-6	11.47	0.081		93.37	26.93			0.037	41.64		25.72		80.67		14.30
中位数/10^-6	10.95	0.079		81.20	24.80			0.036	32.60		26.1		80.6		14.2
变异系数/%	31.55	36.26		41.49	36.68			29.78	88.93		12.25		17.21		19.78
数据范围/10^-6	2.39~28.4	0.032~0.33		45.4~262.6	10.2~76.1			0.013~0.115	15.5~294.4		14.2~40.5		42.8~142.5		6.15~24.3
(平均值±标准离差)/10^-6	11.09±1.23	0.076±1.34		82.99±1.27	24.83±1.21			0.036±1.27	33.19±1.37		25.88±1.10		80.17±1.15		14.19±1.15

The statistical data of heavy metal elements in topsoils and subsoils from Sanjiang Plain

Histograms for heavy metal elements in topsoils from Sanjiang Plain

Box-plot diagram for heavy metal elements in topsoils from Sanjiang Plain

Box-plot diagram for heavy metal elements insubsoils from Sanjiang Plain

Histograms for heavy metal elements in subsoils from Sanjiang Plain

Spatial distribution of heavy metal elements concentrations in the top soil from Sanjiang Plain

Spatial distribution of heavy elements concentrations in the deep soil from Sanjiang Plain

The Pearson correlation coefficient between heavy metal elements in topsoils and subsoils from Sanjiang Plain

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