On the basis of the deconvolution principle，this paper has deeply studied the theory of Burg deconvolution and inferred and derived the formula of Burg deconvolution in detail. Using the method for processing real seismic data and comparing the processed result with the result obtained by the method of spectrum simulating convolution, the authors have found that the method can improve signaltonoise ratio of seismic data, enhance the continuity of reflection events and surpress the linear interference included in seismic data, so the method can improve the quality of seismic data to some extent.