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物探与化探  2020, Vol. 44 Issue (5): 1245-1252    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2020.1531
  生态环境调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
北大港湿地东部多环芳烃沉积记录与来源分析
马晗宇(), 申月芳, 杨耀栋
天津市地质矿产测试中心,天津 300191
Sedimentary record and sources analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern Beidagang Wetland
MA Han-Yu(), SHEN Yue-Fang, YANG Yao-Dong
Tianjin Geological and Mineral Resources Testing Center,Tianjin 300191, China
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摘要 

利用GC/MS法分析研究了北大港湿地东部沼泽水域沉积物岩芯样中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量与组成的垂向分布特征,并对其来源进行了分析。结果表明,沉积物岩芯中PAHs含量在(18.1~821)×10-9 之间,岩芯上段PAHs以5~6环高分子量组分为主,中段和下段则以2~3环组分为主。20世纪50年代以来,北大港湿地PAHs含量显著升高,峰值出现在20世纪50年代中期至60年代中期,比国内多数地区峰值出现时间更早,而20世纪80年代以后PAHs含量再次处于增长态势。根据成分组成和产业发展分析当地不同时期PAHs的来源,20世纪50年代以前,PAHs主要来自于长距离输送和薪柴的低温燃烧,此后则是以湿地周边化石燃料的不完全燃烧为主。北大港湿地的PAHs污染明显受到20世纪50年代以来人类生产活动的影响,化石燃料的不完全燃烧是主要来源,大港油田开采泄漏的影响则不显著。

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马晗宇
申月芳
杨耀栋
关键词 ： 北大港湿地,  多环芳烃,  沉积记录,  来源,  垂向分布    
Abstract：

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core collected from eastern Beidagang Wetland were determined by GC/MS. The ∑PAHs concentration ranges from 18.1×10 -9 to 821×10-9 in the whole sediment core. In the upper core, PAHs are mainly composed of 5~6 rings which are high molecular weight components, while in the middle and lower core PAHs are mainly composed of 2~3 rings of components. Since the 1950s, PAHs content in Beidagang Wetland has increased significantly. The peak appeared from mid 1950s to mid 1960s,earlier than that in most parts of China. PAHs content has been increasing again since the 1980s. According to composition and industrial development, the sources of PAHs in different periods were analyzed. Before the 1950s, PAHs mainly came from long-distance transportation and low-temperature combustion of wood. After 1950s, PAHs mainly came from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels around the wetland. PAHs pollution in Beidagang Wetland has been obviously affected by production activities since the 1950s, the main source of PAHs was incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, while the impact of exploitation leakage in Dagang Oilfield was not significant.

Key words： Beidagang Wetland    polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons    sedimentary record    source    vertical distribution
收稿日期: 2019-11-28      出版日期: 2020-10-26
:  P632  
基金资助:2015年度天津市地质项目 “滨海新区地下水及地质环境调查评价”(津国土房任[2015]1号)
作者简介: 马晗宇(1986-),男,工程师,毕业于中国地质大学(北京),主要从事水文地质、环境地质、环境地球化学方向的研究工作。Email: mahanyu86@126.com
引用本文:   
马晗宇, 申月芳, 杨耀栋. 北大港湿地东部多环芳烃沉积记录与来源分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2020, 44(5): 1245-1252.
MA Han-Yu, SHEN Yue-Fang, YANG Yao-Dong. Sedimentary record and sources analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in eastern Beidagang Wetland. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(5): 1245-1252.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2020.1531      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I5/1245
Fig.1  沉积柱采样点示意
PAH 检出限/10-9 选择离子 空白加标回收/% 平行偏差/%
萘 Nap 0.50 128、127、129 79.9 22.2
苊 Ace 0.50 154、153、152 79.7 10.6
苊烯 Acy 0.50 152、151、153 79.4 17.3
芴 Flu 0.50 166、165、167 78.3 8.86
菲 Phe 0.50 178、179、176 78.3 3.42
蒽 Ant 0.50 178、179、176 80.3 5.83
荧蒽 Flua 0.50 202、200、203、101、100 81.5 0.848
芘 Pyr 0.50 202、200、203、101、100 79.5 5.49
苯并(a)蒽 BaA 0.50 228、226、229、114、113 78.3 —
? Chry 0.50 228、226、229、114、113 76.4 8.23
苯并(b)荧蒽 BbF 0.50 252、253、250、251 81.6 1.44
苯并(k)荧蒽 BkF 0.50 252、253、250、251 84.2 2.45
苯并(a)芘 BaP 1.00 252、253、250、251 83.3 2.17
茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘 INP 1.00 276、277、275、274 77.3 0.932
二苯并(a,h)蒽 DahA 1.00 278、276、279、138 82.4 —
苯并(ghi)苝 BgP 1.00 276、275、274、138 82.6 2.75
Table 1  PAHs分析条件及质控信息
PAH名称 浓度范围/10-9 平均值/10-9 中位值/10-9 变异系数
萘 Nap nd~16.3 7.73 7.72 0.629
苊 Ace nd~4.42 1.39 0.96 0.657
苊烯 Acy nd~9.81 2.66 1.25 0.970
芴 Flu 2.81~44.0 13.1 6.12 1.06
菲 Phe 7.98~81.4 35.1 36.3 0.538
蒽 Ant nd~7.43 2.79 2.81 0.728
荧蒽 Flua nd~56.9 20.8 23.7 0.548
芘 Pyr nd~45.2 16.6 16.6 0.687
苯并(a)蒽 BaA nd~42.2 10.1 0.50 0.477
? Chry nd~99.2 32.5 15.0 1.02
苯并(b)荧蒽 BbF nd~69.1 19.9 5.46 0.648
苯并(k)荧蒽 BkF 2.12~91.1 26.6 7.92 1.17
苯并(a)芘 BaP 1.25~38.5 13.5 10.7 0.810
茚并(1,2,3-cd)芘 INP nd~61.7 18.5 4.75 1.01
二苯并(a,h)蒽 DahA nd~67.1 17.6 1.00 0.478
苯并(ghi)苝 BgP nd~176 47.3 9.99 1.05
∑2~3环 12.5~148 62.3 60.2 0.639
∑4环 2.25~244 79.3 55.2 1.04
∑5~6环 3.37~504 142 41.8 1.26
∑PAHs 18.1~821 284 198 0.954
Table 2  沉积柱中多环芳烃浓度统计
Fig.2  沉积柱中PAHs垂向分布
Fig.3  沉积柱中不同时期PAHs组成特征
研究地区 PAHs含量/10-9 峰值时段 资料来源
北大港湿地东部 18.1~821 20世纪50年代中期至60年代中期 本研究
Cumbria(UK) — 1970年左右 [4]
Michigan Inland Lakes(USA) — 20世纪80年代 [5]
Mountain Lakes(Europe) — 1960~1980 [6]
Northwest Scotland(UK) 1719(最大值) 1920~1934 [7]
Northwestern Mediterranean — 1920~1940;1975~1990 [8]
Osaka(Japan) 4200~26000 1945~1958 [9]
Rhode Island(USA) — 1950~1960 [10]
Tokyo Bay(Japan) 38~2000 20世纪80年代 [11]
渤海湾 34.2~202 1980年以后 [12]
博斯腾湖 37.5~184.5 1990年以后 [13]
长江口 25.44~567.35 1990年以后 [14]
红枫湖 848~3725 1996年 [15]
伶仃洋西岸 59~330 1990年以后 [16]
青海湖 496~1172 2000年以后 [17]
澳门近海 600~4500 20世纪60年代 [23]
安达曼海(马来西亚) 13.2~60.1 20世纪60年代;20世纪80年代 [24]
若尔盖草原 36.2~408 20世纪60年代 [25]
Table 3  不同地区PAHs沉积记录比较
Fig.4  多环芳烃异构体比值分布
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