Based on accurate quantitative 53-element analytical data of 832 samples from the soil first environment and 3 061 samples from the soil second environment of Chengdu City, this paper determined through calculation background values and excess and deficiency limitations of 13 sorts of nutrient and useful elements necessary for plants such as N and 5 sorts of harmful elements like Cd and, on such a basis, carried out an evaluation of soil environment quality and selection of base areas for high-quality agricultural products in Chengdu City.