Abstract：The new techniques of geochemical exploration and Microbial Prospecting of Oil and Gas (MPOG) were applied to Hongte area of Inner Mongolia. Geochemical studies revealed two comprehensive geochemical anomalous zones, i.e., the southwestern geochemical anomalous zone and the northeastern geochemical anomalous zone. In addition, with the MPOG technology, three anomalous zones, i.e. the northeastern microbial anomalous zone, the centralsouthern microbial anomalous zone and the southwestern microbial anomalous zone, were evidently recognized. The results obtained by geochemical exploration and MPOG are not only consistent with the oil information of the drilling data in the study area but also in accord with the subsequent drilling data. In Hongte area, the results of geochemical exploration and MPOG are complementary. In the exploration of oil and gas, therefore, it may be more efficient by combining the two techniques, which will greatly increase the success rate of oil and gas exploration.