In view of such phenomena as complex surface conditions, shallow target formation depths and overlying Gobi and hills encountered by 3D seismic exploration in a certain coal mine of Tacheng area, Xinjiang, this paper deals with some corresponding technical measures and their geological effects at different stages of field data collection, data processing and data interpretation. Exploration results indicate that seismic geological results with relatively high exploration precision can be obtained under complex surface conditions in Gobi area by using such techniques as small CDP grid, high covering numbers, in situ monitoring and control, fine processing, man-computer interaction supplementary interpretation system and multivariate geological information analysis.