顺北地区碳酸盐岩断控缝洞体油气产能定量化估算技术

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2023.2579

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摘要

走滑断裂带及其控制的缝洞体是顺北地区奥陶系新的勘探领域,探索断控缝洞体储层单井产量多属性量化预测技术,为顺北地区断裂带井位部署与井轨迹优选提供科学依据和技术支撑。断控缝洞体储层中,断裂是油气运移通道,其纵向延伸和宽度是断裂的通源性,主干断裂与次级断裂平面交汇结构表征断裂的汇聚性,通源性和汇聚性表征成藏断裂特征。断控缝洞体中缝洞是储集空间的主体,断控缝洞体储层规模和断裂裂缝分布密度表征缝洞特征。断控缝洞体储层的单井产量既与断裂特征有关,更与缝洞特征有关。因此,量化的断裂特征和缝洞特征是单井产量量化预测的基础。地震数据及其多种属性的断层精细解释,量化后得到断裂特征值。结构张量属性圈定断控缝洞体储层范围,异常体振幅属性表征缝洞的分布及其体量,最大似然概率属性表征断裂裂缝分布密度,3种属性融合得到缝洞特征值。最后将量化的断裂特征值和缝洞特征值融合为断控缝洞体特征值,与实测钻井的年产液量进行统计分析,得到年产液量与断控缝洞体特征值的统计关系式,实现断控缝洞体储层单井产量的量化预测。

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关键词 ：断控缝洞体储层, 断裂特征, 缝洞特征, 断控缝洞体特征, 单井产量量化预测, 异常体分解, 结构张量, 最大似然概率

Abstract：

The strike-slip fault system and the fractures and vugs in fault-controlled reservoirs have become new Ordovician exploration targets in the Shunbei area.This study explored a multi-attribute quantitative prediction technique for the single-well production of fault-controlled reservoirs,aiming to provide a scientific basis and technical support for well deployment and well trajectory optimization in the fault zones of the Shunbei area.Faults serve as pathways for hydrocarbon migration in fault-controlled reservoirs.Their connectivity to provenance areas can be characterized by their longitudinal extension and the width of the fault zone,and their convergence can be characterized by their lateral extension and the planar intersection structure between major and secondary faults.Both characteristics of faults were used to indicate the fault characteristics in the oil source conditions for oil accumulation.The space for hydrocarbon accumulation in fault-controlled reservoirs is dominated by dissolution fractures and vugs,such as caves.The fracture-vug characteristics,which represent the space for hydrocarbon accumulation and its connectivity,were characterized by the scale of fault-controlled reservoirs,the volume of the fractures and vugs,and the density of fractures in faults.The single-well production of fault-controlled reservoirs is related to both the fault characteristics and the fracture-vug characteristics.Therefore,the quantification of fault characteristics and the fracture-vug characteristics is the basis for the quantitative prediction of single-well production.The fault characteristic values were determined through the fine-scale interpretation of faults based on seismic data and their multiple attributes.Moreover,the range of fault-controlled reservoirs was delineated based on structure tensors;the distribution and volume of caves,fractures,and vugs were characterized using the amplitude of anomalous bodies;and the density of fractures in faults can be characterized using the maximum likelihood probability.Then,the three attributes were fused to determine the fracture-vug characteristic values.Finally,the quantified fault characteristic values and fractured-vug characteristic values were fused into the characteristic value of fault-controlled reservoirs.Through the statistical analysis of the characteristic value and annual liquid production of drilled wells,the statistical relationship between the annual fluid production and the characteristic value of fault-controlled reservoirs was determined,thus achieving the quantitative prediction of the single-well production of fault-controlled reservoirs.

Key words： fault-controlled reservoirs fault characteristic fracture-vug characteristic characteristic of a fault-controlled reservoirs quantitative prediction of single-well production anomalous body decomposition structure tensor maximum likelihood probability

收稿日期: 2022-02-22 修回日期: 2023-01-31 出版日期: 2023-06-20

ZTFLH:

P631.4

基金资助:中国石化重点科技项目“超深层碳酸盐岩地震关键技术研究与应用”(P21071)

作者简介: 刘军(1982-),男,2005年获中国石油大学(华东)信息与计算科学专业学士学位,2009年获该校地球探测与信息技术专业硕士学位,目前该校博士在读,主要从事石油物探综合研究工作。Email:408842381@qq.com

引用本文:

刘军, 黄超, 杨林, 张永升, 查明. 顺北地区碳酸盐岩断控缝洞体油气产能定量化估算技术[J]. 物探与化探, 2023, 47(3): 747-756.
LIU Jun, HUANG Chao, YANG Lin, ZHANG Yong-Sheng, ZHA Ming. Quantitative prediction technology for the hydrocarbon production capacity of fractures and vugs in fault-controlled carbonate reservoirs in the Shunbei area. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2023, 47(3): 747-756.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2023.2579 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2023/V47/I3/747

Fig.1 断溶体储层中不同类型断裂特征的地震响应特征
a—挤压断裂;b—拉分断裂;c—平移断裂

Fig.2 断裂平面相交的结构特征

Fig.3 偏移剖面及其3种属性剖面
a—偏移剖面;b—异常体振幅属性剖面;c—结构梯度张量属性剖面;d—最大似然概率属性剖面

Fig.4 不同层位异常体振幅、结构梯度张量和最大似然概率3种属性平面
a—

T 7 6

T 7 8

异常体振幅属性;b—

T 7 6

T 7 8

结构梯度张量属性;c—

T 7 6

T 7 8

最大似然概率属性

Fig.5 过高产井的偏移剖面(a)、异常体振幅属性(b)、结构梯度张量属性(c)、最大似然概率属性(d)剖面

Fig.6 主干断裂和分支断裂交汇部位的高产井

断裂特征	断裂通源性 $A 1$		断裂汇聚性 $A 2$
断裂特征	延伸至 $T 9 0$ 以下(I)	延伸在 $T 9 0$ 以上(II)	主干+分支交汇部位(I)	仅有主干断裂(II)
量化值	0.5	0	0.5	0

Table 1 断裂的通源性和汇聚性的量化分级

Fig.7 串珠振幅与高度和宽度相关关系的正演模拟
a—宽度60 m、高度0~40 m洞穴正演模拟偏移剖面;b—高度6 m、宽度 10~300 m 洞穴正演模拟偏移剖面;c—宽度60 m、高度0~40 m洞穴串珠振幅变化曲线;d—高度6 m、宽度 10~300 m 洞穴串珠振幅变化曲线

井名	单井年产液量/ t	断裂特征值			缝洞特征值	断控缝洞体特征值
井名	SWOC	A₁	A₂	A	B	$E F K = (1 + A) × B$
S1	77000	0.5	0.5	1	3484.184	6968.368
S2	54000	0.5	0.5	1	3546.903	7093.806
S3	42000			0	7605.866	7605.866
S4	27000	0.5	0	0.5	4052.342	6078.515
S5	25000			0	1985.622	1985.622
S6	24000			0	2696.085	2696.085
S7	24000			0	1354.254	1354.254
S8	22000			0	2408.270	2408.27
S9	21000			0	2810.141	2810.141
S10	21000			0	2207.304	2207.304
S11	19000			0	521.6	521.6
S12	18000			0	3565.860	3565.860
S13	12000			0	3936.628	3936.628
S14	7000			0	1609.080	1609.080
S15	5000			0	1503.801	1503.801
S16	1000			0	1406.6	1406.6

Table 2 16口样本井年产液量SWOC与断控缝洞体特征值E_FK统计

Fig.8 单井年产液量与断控缝洞体特征值变化趋势曲线

Fig.9 单井年产液量与断控缝洞体特征值的拟合关系曲线

Fig.10 顺北1区预测年累计产液量平面

Table 3 顺北1区年产液量预测符合率

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