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物探与化探  2021, Vol. 45 Issue (1): 230-238    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2021.2546
  生态环境调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
陕西关中富硒土壤研究及开发利用——以三原—阎良地区为例
乔新星1,2(), 晁旭2, 任蕊1,2, 张继军1,2, 胡奎1,2, 李傲瑞1,2, 张志敏1,2
1.陕西省水工环地质调查中心,陕西 西安 710068
2.陕西省地质调查院,陕西 西安 710054
Research, development and utilization of selenium-rich soil of Shaanxi:A case study of Sanyuan-Yanliang area
QIAO Xin-Xing1,2(), CHAO Xu2, REN Rui1,2, ZHANG Ji-Jun1,2, HU Kui1,2, LI Ao-Rui1,2, ZHANG Zhi-Ming1,2
1. Shaanxi Hydraulic Engineering and Environment Geological Survey Center, Xi'an 710068,China
2. Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054,China
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摘要 

通过对三原—阎良地区土壤与农作物采样分析研究,发现该地区土壤环境总体清洁,足硒—富硒土壤占调查区总面积的94.62%,富硒土壤分布广,具备了开发富硒农产品的基本土壤条件;大宗粮食作物均达富硒水平,其中油菜富硒率100%,小麦富硒率99.4%,玉米富硒率88.1%,大部分蔬菜也都达到了富硒蔬菜的标准,适合种植富硒大宗粮食作物和蔬菜;农作物硒与土壤硒整体相关性较好,玉米硒含量与根系土硒含量相关系数为0.788,小麦硒含量与根系土硒含量相关系数为0.612,富硒产业发展前景好。三原—阎良地区是陕西省关中地区重要的粮食、蔬菜产地,建议选择示范点开展富硒农产品种植试点,为关中地区富硒资源开发利用提供科学依据,在此基础上打造建设一批富硒粮食、蔬菜产业基地,更好地支撑服务乡村振兴战略和精准脱贫攻坚战。
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乔新星
晁旭
任蕊
张继军
胡奎
李傲瑞
张志敏
关键词 ： 三原—阎良地区,  富硒土壤,  富硒农产品,  开发利用,  乡村振兴    
Abstract：

Through the sampling and analysis of soil and crops in Sanyuan-Yanliang area, it is found that the soil environment in the study area is generally clean.The medium-rich selenium soil accounts for 94.62% of the total survey area, selenium-rich soil is widely distributed and has the basic soil conditions for the development of selenium-rich crop. It has the basic soil conditions for developing selenium-enriched foods. For the analysis of crop products, it can be seen that the bulk crops are selenium-rich crops, and the selenium-enriched level is relatively stable. Some vegetables have also reached the standard of selenium-enriched vegetables. The selenium in crops has a good correlation with soil selenium. The correlation coefficient between the selenium content of corn and that of root soil is 0.788, and the correlation coefficient between the selenium content of wheat and that of root soil is 0.612. Hence the study area has a future for the development of selenium-enriched industries. Guanzhon is suitable for vigorously promoting the cultivation of selenium-enriched crops and vegetables as an important food and vegetable. The production area has great potential for the development of selenium-enriched crops. It is recommended to select demonstration sites to carry out selenium-enriched planting work, and to focus on building a group of selenium-rich grain and vegetable industry bases so as to provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of selenium-rich resources in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province, thus supporting the rural revitalization strategy and the precise poverty alleviation battle.
Key words： Sanyuan-Yanliang area    selenium-rich soil    selenium-rich crop    development and utilization    rural revitalization
收稿日期: 2019-11-19      修回日期: 2020-07-16      出版日期: 2021-02-20
ZTFLH:  P632  
基金资助:陕西省公益性地质调查项目“关中—天水经济区(关中盆地富硒区地球化学调查与评价”121201011000150023和“陕西省富硒农作物种植示范基地建设”20170109)
作者简介: 乔新星(1989-),男,工程师,主要从事区域地质、农业地质调查研究工作。Email:dbxxqz@163.com
引用本文:   
乔新星, 晁旭, 任蕊, 张继军, 胡奎, 李傲瑞, 张志敏. 陕西关中富硒土壤研究及开发利用——以三原—阎良地区为例[J]. 物探与化探, 2021, 45(1): 230-238.
QIAO Xin-Xing, CHAO Xu, REN Rui, ZHANG Ji-Jun, HU Kui, LI Ao-Rui, ZHANG Zhi-Ming. Research, development and utilization of selenium-rich soil of Shaanxi:A case study of Sanyuan-Yanliang area. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2021, 45(1): 230-238.
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https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2021.2546      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I1/230
Fig.1  研究区地理位置
元素 一等(丰富) 二等(较丰富) 三等(中等) 四等(较缺乏) 五等(缺乏)
面积/km2 比例/% 面积/km2 比例/% 面积/km2 比例/% 面积/km2 比例/% 面积/km2 比例/%
N 825.62 65.79 417.87 33.30 11.40 0.91
P 31.39 2.50 1033.27 82.34 190.23 15.16
K 1219.06 97.14 35.83 2.86
有机质 134.48 10.72 786.61 62.68 329.87 26.29 3.92 0.31
C 1185.54 94.47 68.78 5.48 0.57 0.05
Ca 661.29 52.70 593.60 47.30
Mg 979.85 78.08 275.05 21.92
S 1231.84 98.16 23.05 1.84
Table 1  三原—阎良地区肥力评价结果统计
元素 一等(无风险)
Ci≤Si		 二等(风险可控)
Si<Ci≤Gi		 三等(风险较高)
Ci>Gi
面积/km2 比例/% 面积/km2 比例/% 面积/km2 比例/%
Cd 1245.190 99.227 9.582 0.764 0.120 0.010
Hg 1254.892 100 0 0 0 0
As 1254.892 100 0 0 0 0
Pb 1254.892 100 0 0 0 0
Cr 1254.830 99.995 0.062 0.005 0 0
综合等级 1245.128 99.222 9.644 0.769 0.120 0.010
Table 2  三原—阎良地区土壤环境质量评价结果
Fig.2  三原—阎良地区土壤环境质量综合评价
元素 富硒 低硒
>0.4×10-6 0.3×10-6<Se≤0.4×10-6 0.2×10-6<Se≤0.3×10-6 ≤0.2×10-6
面积/km2 比例/% 面积/km2 比例/% 面积/km2 比例/% 面积/km2 比例/%
Se 76.55 6.10 265.11 21.13 850.98 67.81 62.25 4.96
Table 3  三原—阎良地区土壤Se元素含量统计
作物种类 最大值/10-6 最小值/10-6 中位数/10-6 平均数/10-6 富硒样品数 富硒率/% HB001/T—2013
大宗
作物		 小麦 1.025 0.011 0.106 0.159 466 99.36 (0.02~0.28)×10-6
玉米 0.316 0.009 0.051 0.064 223 88.14
油菜 0.359 0.060 0.171 0.153 12 100.00
蔬菜 大蒜 0.083 0.024 0.056 0.059 11 100.00 (0.01~0.9)×10-6
大葱 0.044 0.008 0.030 0.028 3 75.00
芹菜 0.146 0.007 0.014 0.029 30 73.17
白萝卜 0.022 0.007 0.011 0.012 10 62.50
豆角 0.038 0.004 0.016 0.018 4 57.14
白菜 0.041 0.002 0.010 0.013 11 50.00
花白 0.101 0.001 0.010 0.014 13 46.43
辣椒 0.023 0.001 0.008 0.010 8 40.00
菜花 0.101 0.001 0.006 0.014 10 32.26
黄瓜 0.013 0.001 0.005 0.006 2 28.57
西红柿 0.021 0.002 0.004 0.006 3 17.65
茄子 0.019 0.001 0.004 0.005 1 7.14
Table 4  农作物富硒含量与富硒率统计
Fig.3  三原阎良地区各类蔬菜硒含量平均值
土壤硒
含量		 作物 样品数
/件		 作物
w(Se)≥0.02×10-6		 作物富硒率
/%
<0.2×10-6 小麦 30 29 96.67
玉米 2 0 0
≥0.2×10-6 小麦 438 434 99.09
玉米 251 223 88.84
Table 5  土壤硒与农作物硒含量统计
Fig.4  玉米、小麦硒含量与其根系土硒含量关系
作物 样本数量 r值
玉米 253 0.788**
小麦 468 0.612**
Table 6  玉米和小麦硒含量与根系土硒含量相关系数
Se形态 Se含量/10-6 占比/% 与全量的
相关系数
最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差
全量 0.3637 0.0841 0.2304 0.0705
水溶态 0.0201 0.0067 0.0131 0.0038 5.70 0.523*
离子交换态 0.0195 0.0076 0.0130 0.004 5.66 0.628**
碳酸盐结合态 0.0258 0.0012 0.0082 0.0067 3.55 0.631**
腐殖酸结合态 0.0534 0.0089 0.0319 0.013 13.83 0.861**
铁锰氧化结合态 0.0069 0.0012 0.0033 0.0015 1.45 0.800**
强有机结合态 0.1383 0.015 0.0722 0.0299 31.36 0.953**
残渣态 0.1233 0.038 0.0886 0.0226 38.46 0.924**
Table 7  表层土壤中硒赋存形态统计
样品类别 As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn
小麦 0.721 0.14 0.806 9.41 0.009 6.577 0.307 46.514
玉米 0.07 0.012 0.405 2.45 0.005 0.181 0.173 24.81
油菜 0.032 0.025 0.142 3.673 0.007 0.053 0.384 42.492
大蒜 0.035 0.013 0.019 1.867 0.001 0.097 0.027 7.983
芹菜 0.047 0.025 0.446 1.701 0.002 0.272 0.079 3.763
萝卜 0.005 0.001 0.039 0.264 0 0.045 0.028 2.126
花白 0.004 0 0.037 0.169 0 0.055 0.015 0.979
菜花 0.006 0 0.055 0.28 0 0.045 0.031 1.631
白菜 0.005 0.001 0.052 0.209 0 0.046 0.023 1.694
食品中污染物限量/10-6 ≤0.5 ≤0.1 ≤1 ≤0.02 ≤0.2
Table 8  作物中重金属元素含量统计
Fig.5  三原—阎良地区富硒土地开发利用空间规划
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