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物探与化探  2019, Vol. 43 Issue (3): 649-657    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2019.1421
  生态环境调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
白银东大沟水体和底泥中重金属污染评价
张钊熔1, 段星星2, 夏明哲1()
1. 长安大学 地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054
2. 中国地质调查局 西安地质调查中心,陕西 西安 710054
Contamination situation and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in water and sediments of Dongdagou area, Baiyin
Zhao-Rong ZHANG1, Xing-Xing DUAN2, Ming-Zhe XIA1()
1. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi
2. Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, China Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, China
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摘要 

为了给白银东大沟河道生态治理和底泥处理风险评价提供科学参考,分析了东大沟水体中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Hg和底泥中Cr、Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Hg重金属的含量水平、分布特征及含量变化趋势,并采用内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态风险指数法分别对水体和沉积底泥中的重金属污染累积程度、潜在风险进行评价。研究结果表明,东大沟水体中6种重金属平均含量在0.005 7~4.796 0 mg/L之间,其含量大小依次为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>As>Hg。随水流方向,水体中As含量表现为升高趋势,其余重金属含量则呈显著降低趋势。底泥中6种重金属平均含量在(61.6~5 999.3)×10 -6 之间,其含量大小依次为Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd>Cr>Hg。东大沟河段底泥中的重金属含量有起伏,但整体表现为随水流方向含量显著降低的趋势。参照相关评价标准,东大沟水体的主要重金属污染物为Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd,其单因子污染程度Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu,综合指数评价表明东大沟水体存在不同程度的污染;底泥主要重金属污染物为Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu,为复合污染,其生态危害风险程度Cd>Hg>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr,潜在生态风险指数评价表明东大沟大部分河段底泥潜在生态风险指数为严重。

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张钊熔
段星星
夏明哲
关键词 ： 重金属污染,  水体,  底泥,  污染评价,  防控与治理,  东大沟    
Abstract：

In order to provide scientific reference for the ecological control of the water and the risk assessment of sediment treatment, the authors analyzed the content level, the distribution characteristics and the content change trend of heavy metals such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As and Hg in water and Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Hg in sediments. The Nemerow Index and the Potential Ecological Risk Index were used to evaluate the accumulation degree and potential risk of heavy metal pollution in water bodies and sediments. The results show that the average content of six heavy metals in water is in the range of 0.005 7~4.796 0 mg/L, and the content exhibits the order of Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>As>Hg. The content of As in the water body shows an increasing trend with water flow, while the other heavy metals content in water decreases obviously with the water flow. The average content of six heavy metals in the sediments is in the range of (61.6~5 999.3)×10 -6, with the order of Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd>Cr>Hg. The content of heavy metals in the sediments of the river sections has undulating changes, but the overall change trend is that the content of heavy metals in the sediments decreases obviously with flowing water. The main heavy metal pollutants in Dongdagou water are Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, and the single factor pollution degree is in order of Cd>Pb>Zn>Cu. The Dongdagou water evaluated by the Nemerow Index shows that there are different degrees of polluted water in the river. The contaminations in sediments are heavy metal pollutants Cd, Hg, Pb and Cu, and the degree of ecological risk is in order of Cd>Hg>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr. The evaluation of the sediments in Dongdagou by using the Potential Ecological Risk Index shows that the total potential ecological risk index of the sediments in the whole section of Dongdagou is serious.

Key words： heavy metal pollution    water    sediments    pollution assessment    prevention and control    Dongdagou
收稿日期: 2018-11-14      出版日期: 2019-05-31
:  P632  
基金资助:长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(300102279211)
通讯作者: 夏明哲
作者简介: 张钊熔(1994-),男,硕士研究生,地球化学专业。Email: 2235406061@qq.com
引用本文:   
张钊熔, 段星星, 夏明哲. 白银东大沟水体和底泥中重金属污染评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2019, 43(3): 649-657.
Zhao-Rong ZHANG, Xing-Xing DUAN, Ming-Zhe XIA. Contamination situation and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in water and sediments of Dongdagou area, Baiyin. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2019, 43(3): 649-657.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2019.1421      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I3/649
Fig.1  研究区范围及采样位置示意
等级划分 内梅罗污染指数 污染等级
Ⅰ PN≤0.7 清洁(安全)
Ⅱ 0.7<PN≤1.0 尚清洁(警戒线)
Ⅲ 1.0<PN≤2.0 轻度污染
Ⅳ 2.0<PN≤3.0 中度污染
Ⅴ PN≥3.0 重度污染
Table 1  内梅罗污染指数分级标准
单因子污染物污染指数Cfi 潜在生态风险参数Eri 潜在生态风险指数RI
分级范围 等级 分级范围 等级 分级范围 等级
Cfi<1 低度 Eri<40 低度 RI<150 低度
1≤Cfi<3 中度 40≤Eri<80 中度 150≤RI<300 中度
3≤Cfi<6 重度 80≤Eri<160 较重 300≤RI<600 重度
Cfi≥6 严重 160≤Eri<320 重度 RI≥600 严重
Eri≥320 严重
Table 2  潜在生态污染指数评价分级
元素 最小值
/(mg·L-1)		 最大值
/(mg·L-1)		 平均值
/(mg·L-1)		 标准差 变异系数 地表水环境质量Ⅳ级标准
/(mg·L-1)
Cu 0.005 30.63 4.796 10.55 2.20 1
Pb 0.0006 1.019 0.1759 0.28 1.61 0.05
Zn 0.07 77.35 13.34 25.25 1.89 2
Cd 0.0003 0.8633 0.2164 0.27 1.23 0.005
As 0.001 0.152 0.048 0.05 1.12 0.1
Hg 0.00008 0.00279 0.00057 0.0009 1.49 0.001
Table 3  水体中重金属含量统计特征
Fig.2  水体中重金属含量随水流方向的变化
样号 pH Cu Pb Zn Cd As Hg 综合污染指数
S1 4.67 25.96 2.39 30.42 117.24 0.07 — 86.6
S2 4.19 30.63 8.60 38.68 172.66 0.03 — 127.1
S3 6.78 0.03 0.05 1.24 21.44 0.01 — 15.5
S5 7.00 0.12 5.91 3.42 43.10 0.12 0.43 31.1
S6 7.35 0.35 20.38 3.22 94.42 0.52 2.79 68.3
S12 7.59 0.02 0.99 1.23 31.06 0.04 0.45 22.3
S14 7.65 0.02 0.76 0.96 24.84 0.19 0.17 17.8
S15 8.10 0.05 0.57 0.17 4.50 1.05 0.27 3.3
S16 8.09 0.08 1.14 0.19 4.11 1.25 0.58 3.0
S17 7.52 0.26 1.39 0.35 5.14 0.98 0.26 3.8
S18 7.29 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.84 1.52 0.10 1.1
S20 7.61 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.06 0.01 0.08 0.1
Table 4  东大沟水体中各重金属单项污染指数与综合指数
元素 最小值/10-6 最大值/10-6 平均值/10-6 标准差 变异系数 甘肃省土壤背景值[25]/10-6
Cr 43 80.1 61.6 10.6 0.2 70.2
Zn 425.3 13800 5999.3 4417.7 0.7 68.5
Pb 60.6 15900 4819.5 5387.4 1.1 18.8
Cu 39.4 8449.8 1795.6 2282.6 1.3 24.1
Cd 2.689 2908 502.816 832.31 1.7 0.116
Hg 0.03 476.6 65.07 129.15 2 0.02
Table 5  底泥中重金属含量统计特征
Fig.3  底泥中重金属含量随水流方向的变化
Fig.4  随水流方向底泥重金属单因子污染指数(Cfi)变化趋势
样号 采样位置 Cr Zn Pb Cu Cd Hg RI
D1 1.7 110.2 436.9 1408.3 6452.6 27.5 8437.2
D2 1.4 89.9 492.8 760.4 10713.4 53.5 12111.3
D3 1.4 47.5 398.0 486.9 5808.6 43.0 6785.4
D4 1.7 134.9 496.5 1753.1 9243.1 72.0 11701.3
D5 2.0 148.9 4228.7 399.8 167568.1 23830.0 196177.4
D6 2.0 169.3 3909.6 279.2 280603.4 17490.0 302453.6
D7 上游 1.6 201.5 3457.4 421.3 752069.0 5845.0 761995.8
D8 1.5 182.5 3430.9 358.9 634396.6 4833.0 643203.3
D9 1.8 146.0 2249.8 220.7 195284.5 2609.0 200511.8
D10 2.3 116.6 1379.4 170.7 140275.9 1356.5 143301.3
D11 1.8 60.7 783.4 107.0 40422.4 614.0 41989.3
D12 1.7 72.1 912.1 115.7 49991.4 741.0 51834.0
D14 2.3 58.8 606.3 117.1 35224.1 301.5 36310.1
D15 1.2 6.2 67.5 20.1 2661.2 116.5 2872.8
D16 1.3 7.1 75.7 23.8 2298.6 105.5 2512.0
D17 下游 1.9 6.7 62.4 25.2 2556.7 97.0 2749.9
D18 2.1 9.3 68.3 29.3 4428.9 427.0 4964.9
D20 2.0 8.4 16.1 8.2 695.4 1.6 731.6
Table 6  东大沟底泥潜在生态风险指数(Eri)
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