黔北台隆区地热勘探中广域电磁法的应用效果
The application effect of the wide field electromagnetic method in geothermal exploration of Tailong area, northern Guizhou Province
责任编辑: 王萌
收稿日期: 2020-04-22 修回日期: 2020-08-22 网络出版日期: 2020-10-20
Received: 2020-04-22 Revised: 2020-08-22 Online: 2020-10-20
作者简介 About authors
田红军(1988-),男,2015年毕业于中南大学,主要研究方向为电磁法理论与数据处理。Email:
扬子准地台黔北台隆地热试验区电磁、人文干扰严重,制约了传统电磁法在该试验区的勘探效果。本文对试验区干扰源及岩层物性参数进行综合评估后,开展高精度大深度广域电磁法探测实验,进行二维连续介质带源反演,获得地下5 km地层电阻率分布特征,其中奥陶系下统湄潭组、寒武系下统金顶山组、明心寺组、牛蹄塘组低电阻层为试验区盖层,奥陶系下统花园组、桐梓组、寒武系娄山观组、石冷水组、高台组、清虚洞组、震旦系灯影组高阻层为储热层,同时也揭示了深部断裂构造对储热层的影响。广域电磁法成果揭示的电性层与钻井SZK1揭示的地层信息相吻合,表明在扬子准地台黔北台隆地热强干扰区,广域电磁法是一种有效的探测手段,丰富了黔北地热能源研究成果,为进一步推动黔北地热勘探提供地球物理参数。
关键词:
The electromagnetic and human interference in the Tailong geothermal test area of Qianbei (northern Guizhou) platform uplift on the Yangtze metaplatform has restricted the exploration effect of the traditional electromagnetic method. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of interference sources and rock physical parameters obtained from the experimental zone, the authors carried out high precision deep wide-area electromagnetic detection experiments, conducted two-dimensional continuum source inversion, and obtained underground stratigraphic resistivity distribution regularity and characteristics at the depth of 5 km, with lower Ordovician Meitan Formation, lower Cambrian Jindingshan Formation,, Mingxinsi Formation and Niutitang Formation as the low resistance cover layers of the experimental zone, the lower Ordovician Huayuan Formation, Tongzi Formation, Cambrian Loushanguan Formation, Shilengshui Formation, Gaotai Formation and Qingxudong Formation, and Sinian Dengying Formation as the high resistance layers for heat storage. The influence of the deep fracture structure on the heat storage layer was also revealed. The electrical layer revealed by the wide-area electromagnetic method is consistent with the information revealed by the drilling SZK1, and the results show that the wide-area electromagnetic method is an effective detection method in the strong geothermal interference zone of Qianbei platform uplift on the Yangtze paraplatform. The results obtained by the authors enrich the geothermal energy research results in northern Guizhou and provide geophysical parameters for further promotion of geothermal exploration in northern Guizhou.
Keywords:
本文引用格式
田红军, 张光大, 刘光迪, 游文兵, 张应文.
TIAN Hong-Jun, ZHANG Guang-Da, LIU Guang-Di, YOU Wen-Bing, ZHANG Ying-Wen.
0 引言
基于广域电磁法具有抗干扰能力强、测量精度高和勘探深度大等技术优势,在扬子准地台黔北台隆地热试验区开展广域电磁法探测试验,一方面验证该方法在强干扰区的有效性,另一方面根据该方法的成果,进而开展该试验区内的深部地热资源勘探,为扬子准地台黔北台隆地热提供地球物理参数,优选出适合试验区电磁勘探技术和解释流程。
1 广域电磁法基本原理
均匀大地表面上水平电偶极源的Ex的严格的、精确的表达式。 根据上式可以定义广域意义上的视电阻率:
其中:
式中:Ex为x方向的电场水平分量;ρa为广域视电阻率;I为供电电流;dL为供电点AB的直线长度;φ为测点与供电点AB中点的连线的夹角;r为测点到供电点AB中点的距离;i为虚数单位;k为波数;MN为接收电极之间的距离。
2 试验区地质地球物理特征
区域上为扬子准地台黔北台隆遵义断拱之毕节NE向变形区的北东边缘的松林背斜。背斜轴迹呈“S”型弯曲[9,10,11],并在遵义市北西部向南凸出,背斜核部受枫香断裂束破坏,背斜轴不连续。枫香走滑断裂束为一区域性大断裂,是区内控制性构造之一[12,13]。试验区发育地层主要为(由新至老)第四系(Q)、二叠系中统栖霞组(P2q)、奥陶系上统五峰组(O3w)、涧草沟组(O3j),中统宝塔组(O2b)、牯牛潭与十字铺组(O2g+s),下统湄潭组(O1m)。此外,未出露地层有奥陶系下统红花园组(O1h)、桐梓组(O1t),寒武系中上统娄山关组(ϵ2-3ls)、中统石冷水组(ϵ2s)、高台组(ϵ2g)、下统清虚洞组(ϵ1q)、金顶山组(ϵ1j)、明心寺组(ϵ1m)、牛蹄塘组(ϵ1n)以及震旦系上统以页岩、白云质页岩、和粉晶白云岩为主的灯影组(Z2dn)(图1)。
图1
广域电磁法剖面线穿过出露在地表的地层主要是石炭系九架炉组(C1j)、奥陶系观音桥组(O1gy)、宝塔组(O1b)、十字铺组(O2s)和牯牛潭组(O2g)。从表1可知,工区地表电阻率值都达到上千Ω·m以上,地表地层显示为明显的髙阻特征。
表1 试验区地层电阻性特征
Table 1
地层名称 | 地层代号 | 电阻率变化范围/ (Ω·m) | 电阻率平均值/ (Ω·m) | 电性特征 | 统计数量 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
十字铺组+牯牛潭组 | O2s+O2g | 976.9~3737.3 | 2106.3 | 髙阻 | 15 |
宝塔组 | O2b | 778.85~2626.43 | 1487.5882 | 中髙阻 | 13 |
观音桥组 | O1gy | 724~1669.2 | 1196.3 | 中高阻 | 12 |
九架炉组 | C1j | 559.7~1332.8 | 897 | 中阻 | 14 |
3 试验区参数选择
广域野外施工时采用伪随机信号的7频波频率范围0.011 7~8 192 Hz,共计40个频点,收发距为r≈19 km,点距MN=50 m。测点130和135为强干扰区,从图2可知,当发射电流为30 A时,曲线圆滑较差,有锯齿变化,反观电流为80 A时,曲线光滑,完全压制干扰,最终选择本次发射电流为80 A左右。野外供电电流80 A,对数据进行归一化后,得到电场和电阻率曲线,曲线光滑,同时电场曲线和电阻率曲线变化具有相似性,说明电场变化存在着电阻率变化。
图2
图2
测点干扰曲线对比以及归一化后的电阻率、电场曲线
Fig.2
Contrast diagram of interference curve and resistivity and electric field curve after normalization of test area
4 资料处理与解释
图3
表2 SZK1测井分层与广域法分层对比
Table 2
地层 | SZK1测井 分层底深/m | SZK1测井 分层厚度/m | 广域法 分层底深/m | 广域法 分层厚度/ | 电性特征 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
十字铺组 牯牛潭组 | 246.65 | 246.65 | 235 | 235 | 高阻 |
湄潭组 | 525.15 | 223.50 | 501 | 266 | 低阻 |
红花园组 桐梓组 娄山关组 石冷水组 高台组 清虚洞组 | 1617.00 | 1166.85 | 1549 | 1048 | 高阻 |
金顶山组 明心寺组 牛蹄塘组 | 2257.00 | 640.00 | 2286 | 637 | 低阻 |
灯影组 | 2802.00 (地质) | 545.00 | 2794 | 668 | 高阻 |
陡山沱组 南沱冰碛岩组 | 未揭穿 | — | 2966 | 172 | 低阻~中阻 |
1) 915~675 m海拔揭示高电阻层为十字铺组和牯牛潭组,视厚度240 m左右,基本呈水平状产出;海拔675~409 m的低电阻层为湄潭组,视厚度在266 m左右,基本呈水平状产出;海拔409~-639 m的高电阻层,为红花园组、桐梓组、娄山关组、石冷水组、高台组、清虚洞组,视厚度在1 048 m左右;海拔-639~-1 276 m的低阻层为寒武系金顶山组、明心寺组、牛蹄塘组,视厚度在637 m左右;海拔-1 276~-1 884 m的高阻层为灯影组,视厚度608 m左右;海拔-1 884 ~-2 056 m的低阻—中阻层为陡山沱组和南沱冰碛岩组,视厚度172 m左右。
2) 红花园组—清虚洞组,受WF2、WF3和WF5影响,形态复杂,底板不齐,NW向地层相对变薄,ES向地层相对变厚;寒武系金顶山组、明心寺组、牛蹄塘组SE方向受WF3、WF5影响而完全缺失,清虚洞组与灯影组呈假整合接触。
3) 灯影组为本次勘探储热层,受WF2、WF3、WF4、WF5断层影响被分割成4块,深部断层WF4的影响使SE方向地层出现抬升,且地层厚度变厚。
5 结论及讨论
1) 广域电磁法对奥陶系下统湄潭组反映极好,与其他类似方法相比,在浅部能有效发现深部低阻层。
2) 广域电磁法有效发现了寒武系下统金顶山组、明心寺组、牛蹄塘组。
3) 广域电磁法确定了两个髙阻储热层:奥陶系下统花园组、桐梓组;寒武系娄山观组、石冷水组、高台组、清虚洞组,推测为第一个储热层:震旦系灯影组为第二个储热层;广域电磁法在埋深2 794 m以下解释推断出陡山沱组和南沱冰碛岩组相对薄层,说明广域电磁法分层能力较好;广域电磁法在埋深较大(深达4 900 m)的情况下能划分深部断层。
4) 测区存在强烈电磁干扰,广域电磁法在明显部位(电气化铁路、高压输电线)未见干扰反映,说明广域电磁法抗电磁干扰能力较强。
致谢
感谢继善高科项目组人员提供野外数据,感谢中南大学李帝铨教授对修改论文提出宝贵的意见,感谢张贤对论文的修改提供帮助。
参考文献
强干扰矿区中广域电磁法与 CSAMT 探测效果对比
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安徽某铜矿区由于电磁、人文干扰严重,传统的电磁法无法取得有效的数据,抗干扰能力较强的CSAMT法在该区检查点数据均方相对误差达到了53.6%,勘探效果较差。将广域电磁法应用到该矿区,取得了质量较高的数据,平均相对均方误差为5.6%。与相同剖面上的CSAMT法反演结果相比,广域电磁法的反演结果与地质资料吻合,深度误差小于10%,矿体的位置与钻孔信息相符。试验结果表明,广域电磁法具有较强的抗干扰能力,可用于强干扰矿区探测。
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