洪湖流域冬季浮游植物多样性调查与评价

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2024.1044

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摘要

为了解洪湖水体中浮游植物的群落结构特征,于2021年10月在洪湖布设 10个采样点进行调查,并采用多样性指数对浮游植物群落进行评价。研究结果表明,洪湖水体中共鉴定出浮游植物6门、49属、66种,其中蓝藻门浮游植物种类最多,其次为硅藻门。洪湖冬季浮游植物生物量变化范围为7.85~42.45 mg/L,平均生物量为22.35 mg/L。根据马格勒夫多样性指数 (M)、香农维纳多样性指数 (H)、辛普森多样性指数 (D)、物种均匀度指数 (J)和物种优势度 (Y) 对水体营养状态进行综合评价,结果表明,洪湖水体为中污染—重污染水平。建议从3个方面改善洪湖水质:①加大洪湖水体保护力度,严格控制下游和周边地区各类水污染物入湖量,对湖区内农村水污染开展及时、高效防治,合理组织水生浮游植物平衡收割;②加强水环境治理,逐渐恢复水体自净能力;③加强宣传力度,定期开展水污染防治教育进农村、进社区、进校园。

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	郑雄伟
	胡明毅
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	徐元璋
	白洋
	刘磊
	王俊锋

关键词 ：洪湖流域, 浮游植物, 多样性指数, 调查与评价

Abstract：

To discern the community structure of phytoplankton in the water of Honghu Lake Basin, this study deployed 10 sampling sites in Honghu Lake in October 2021, and evaluated the phytoplankton community using the diversity indices. The results show that there were 66 species of phytoplankton belonging to 49 genera in six phyla, of which the cyanophyta was the most species, followed by bacillariophyta. The phytoplankton biomass of the Honghu Lake Basin in winter ranged from 7.85~42.45 mg/L, averaging 22.35 mg/L. A comprehensive evaluation of the nutrient status of the lake water was conducted based on Margalef's richness index (M), Shannon-Weiner's diversity index (H), Simpson's diversity index (D), Pielou's evenness index (J), and the species dominance index (Y), suggesting that the Honghu Lake Basin water was moderately to severely polluted. This study holds that the water quality of the Honghu Lake Basin can be improved from the following aspects: ① The water protection of the Honghu Lake Basin should be enhanced by strictly controlling the inflow of various water pollutants from downstream and surrounding areas, implementing timely and efficient prevention and control of rural water pollution in the lake area, and properly organizing the balanced harvesting of aquatic phytoplankton; ② The water environment treatment should be strengthened to gradually restore the self-purification capacity of the lake water; ③ The publicity efforts should be intensified by regularly conducting educational activities on water pollution prevention and control in rural areas, residential communities, and schools.

Key words： Honghu Lake Basin phytoplankton diversity index investigation and evaluation

收稿日期: 2023-02-02 修回日期: 2023-05-27 出版日期: 2024-04-20

ZTFLH:	X171.1
	X524

基金资助:2021年湖北省省级财政科研项目“洪湖市生态地质调查——以洪湖湿地为例”(MSDZ202108)

通讯作者: 胡明毅

作者简介: 郑雄伟(1986-),男,湖北省黄冈人,在读博士,高级工程师,主要从事生态环境地球化学调查工作。Email:493928635@qq.com

引用本文:

郑雄伟, 胡明毅, 张芷宜, 徐元璋, 白洋, 刘磊, 王俊锋. 洪湖流域冬季浮游植物多样性调查与评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2024, 48(2): 555-564.
ZHENG Xiong-Wei, HU Ming-Yi, ZHANG Zhi-Yi, XU Yuan-Zhang, BAI Yang, LIU Lei, WANG Jun-Feng. Investigation and evaluation of phytoplankton diversity of the Honghu lake basin in winter. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2024, 48(2): 555-564.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2024.1044 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I2/555

Fig.1 研究区地理位置

Fig.2 洪湖流域地理位置示意

Table 1 洪湖流域内河水质现状

Table 2 采样点位置信息

Fig.3 采样点位分布

Table 3 浮游植物水体营养状态评价的指标及标准

中文名	拉丁名	W1	W2	W3	W4	W5	W6	W7	W8	W9	W10	2019
蓝藻门
鱼腥藻	Anabaena sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
卷曲鱼腥藻	Anabeana circinalis	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
螺旋鱼腥藻	Anabeana spiroides											+
伪鱼腥藻	Pseudoanabaena sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
螺旋藻	spirulina sp.											+
钝顶螺旋藻	spirulina platensis			+				+		+
颤藻	Oscillatoria sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
阿氏颤藻	Oscillatoria agardhii											+
尖头藻	Raphidiopsis sp.		+	+	+	+					+	+
弯形尖头藻	Raphidiopsis curvata											+
中华尖头藻	Raphidiopsis sinensis											+
优美平裂藻	Merismopedia elegans											+
点形平裂藻	Merismopedia punctata			+	+		+		+			+
微小平裂藻	Merismopedia tenuissima											+
细小平裂藻	Merismopedia minima	+		+		+			+
蓝纤维藻	Dactylococcopsis sp.											+
蓝藻门
针晶蓝纤维藻	Dactylococcopsis rhaphidioides											+
色球藻	Chroococcus sp.											+
小型色球藻	Chroococcus minor											+
微囊藻	Microcystis sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
鞘丝藻	Lyngbya sp.											+
细鞘丝藻	Leptolyngbya sp.						+		+		+
棒条藻	Rhabdoderma sp.											+
束丝藻	Aphanizomenon sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
拟柱胞藻	Cylindrospermopsis sp.											+
依沙矛丝藻	Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
硅藻门
小环藻	Cyclotella sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
桥弯藻	Cymbella sp.			+	+						+	+
舟形藻	Navicula sp.			+		+						+
双头辐节藻	Stauroneis anceps											+
针杆藻	Synedra sp.	+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+
尖针杆藻	Synedra acus											+
放射针杆藻	Synedra actinastroides											+
菱形藻	Nitzschia sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
脆杆藻	Fragilaria sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
颗粒直链藻	Melosira granulata	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
颗粒直链藻极狭变种	Melosira granulata var. angustissima f.spiralis	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
颗粒直链藻极狭变种螺旋变型	Melosira granulata var. angustissima f.spiralis	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
变异直链藻	Melosira varians	+			+	+
模糊直链藻	Melosira Ambigua	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
卵形藻	Cocconeis sp											+
扁圆卵形藻	Cocconeis placentula	+	+			+			+		+
新月拟菱形藻	Nitzschiella closterium											+
扎卡四棘藻	Attheya zachariasi	+	+	+	+					+
异极藻	Gomphonema			+			+
曲壳藻	Achnanthes sp.						+
绿藻门
衣藻	Chlamydomonas sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+			+	+
翼膜藻	Pteromonas sp.											+
四鞭藻	Carteria sp.											+
小球藻	Chlorella sp.											+
绿球藻	Chlorococcum sp.											+
空球藻	Eudorina sp.											+
栅藻	Scenedesmus sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
双对栅藻	Scenedesmus bijuga											+
四尾栅藻	Scenedesmus quadricauda	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
斜生栅藻	Scenedesmus obliquus											+
双尾栅藻	Scenedesmus bicaudatus	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+
齿牙栅藻	Scenedesmus denticulatus					+
二形栅藻	Scenedesmus dimorphus	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
扁盘栅藻	Scenedesmus platydiscus	+	+						+
四角藻	Tetraedron sp.	+	+	+		+	+		+	+	+
三角四角藻	Tetraedron trigonum	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
具尾四角藻	Tetraedron caudatum											+
四星藻	Tetrastrum sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
异刺四星藻	Tetrastrum heterocanthum											+
单角盘星藻	Pediastrum simplex			+		+		+	+		+	+
二角盘星藻	Pediastrum duplex	+				+					+
绿藻门
双射盘星藻	Pediastrum biradiatu m											+
四角盘星藻	Pediastrum tetras	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+
十字藻	Crucigenia sp.											+
顶锥十字藻	Crucigenia apiculata	+	+			+	+	+	+
直角十字藻	Crucigenia rectangularis							+
四足十字藻	Crucigenia tetrapedi	+			+	+					+
月牙藻	Selenastrum bibraianum	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
顶棘藻	Chodatella sp.											+
四刺顶棘藻	Chodatella quadriseta								+
粗刺四棘藻	Treubaria crassispina											+
网球藻	Dictyosphaerium sp.	+	+		+	+		+	+		+	+
蹄形藻	Kirchneriella sp.											+
蹄形藻	Kirchneriella lunaris	+	+		+	+
肾形藻	Nephrocytium sp.											+
纤维藻	Ankistrodesmus sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
丛球韦斯藻	Westella botryoides	+	+		+							+
空星藻	Coelastrum sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
小孢空星藻	Coelastrum microporum											+
角星鼓藻	Staurastrum sp.		+								+	+
角丝鼓藻	Desmidium sp.											+
新月藻	Closterium sp.	+		+	+	+	+			+		+
卵囊藻	Oocystis sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+		+		+	+
弓形藻	Schroederia sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+		+
硬弓形藻	Schroederia robusta											+
鼓藻	Cosmarium sp.	+	+	+		+		+				+
集星藻	Actinastrum sp.											+
并联藻	Quadrigula sp.	+				+
丝状绿藻	Ulothrix sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
游丝藻	Planctonema sp.	+	+	+	+		+			+	+
转板藻	Mougeotia sp.	+	+	+	+	+		+	+
隐藻门
蓝隐藻	Chroomonas sp.											+
尖尾蓝隐藻	Chroomonas acuta	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
隐藻	Cryptomonas sp.	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
啮蚀隐藻	Cryptomonas erosa			+	+	+
甲藻门
裸甲藻	Gymnodinium sp.											+
多甲藻	Peridinium sp.											+
薄甲藻	Glendinium sp.	+					+
裸藻门
陀螺藻	Strombomonas sp.											+
裸藻	Euglena sp.	+										+
囊裸藻	Trachelomonas sp.						+					+
扁裸藻	Phacus sp.					+			+

Table 4 2021年实地调查洪湖流域各采样点冬季浮游植物名录

Fig.4 洪湖流域浮游植物组成情况

Table 5 洪湖流域浮游植物优势种

Fig.5 优势物种显微照片

Fig.6 各点位藻细胞密度组成占比

Table 6 Phytoplankton algal cell density 10⁵个/L

Table 7 浮游植物生物量

Fig.7 浮游植物生物量组成占比

Table 8 各采样点浮游植物群落多样性指数

Fig.8 浮游植物多样性指数

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