Abstract: The Saima alkaline complex is a unique and complex geologic body. It is well known for its diverse rock types and mineral types and high contents of uranium, thorium, and rare and rare earth elements. This study analyzed and summarized the geological exploration results of the Saima alkaline complex area in recent years, discovering that the rocks in the second intrusive stage of the Saima alkaline complex show the wide mineralization of rare and rare earth elements, with a moderate- to low- mineralization temperature. There are mainly two types of deposits in Saima alkaline complex area, namely the residual magmatic metasomatism type and the skarn type. Furthermore, the prospecting potential of the whole alkaline complex was analyzed by combining the 1∶200,000 stream sediment survey data and the 1∶10,000 primary halo survey data. Three predicted metallogenic zones of rare earth and radioactive elements were delineated in the Saima alkaline complex and its surrounding area, namely Saima-Gujia, Aiyang, and Shuangshanzi. This study is of great significance for the prospecting of rare and rare earth polymetals in the Saima alkaline complex area.