黏土型锂矿石的常温原位柱浸工艺探究

    An in situ column leaching technique for extracting lithium ions from clay-type lithium ores under normal temperatures

    • 摘要: 黏土型锂矿是我国重要的锂资源,锂与铝、硅等元素共同赋存于矿石中,笔者将其分子式简化为LiAlSinO2n+2和Li AlSinO2n+2两种形式,其中后一种为离子吸附型锂矿石的分子式,在浸提试验中锂较易被提取出来。本文旨在探索一种环保、经济的常温原位浸提工艺,此工艺要求锂矿石在浸提实验之前不被人为地改变矿石的化学性质。本研究分析了锂矿石中各元素的含量、烧失量及块状矿石的孔隙率,采用了10%硫酸、10%硫酸铵以及5%硫酸和5%硫酸铵的混合溶液共3种浸提剂做柱浸试验,总浸提时间为190 d,定时测试浸提液中锂和铝的浓度。试验发现,锂矿石的孔隙率在0.38%~6.20%之间,第一种和第三种浸提剂均达到了较高的浸提效果,在不更换新鲜浸提剂的情况下Li2O最高浸出率达0.56%,第二种浸提剂浸提效果不明显,当减少矿石的尺寸,硫酸与硫酸铵混合溶液达到了与较高硫酸溶液相同的浸提效果。该研究结果为黏土型锂矿石提供了可行的原位矿山浸矿工艺。

       

      Abstract: The clay-type lithium ores, a significant lithium resource in China, contain lithium and other elements such as aluminum and silicon. Their molecular formulas are expressed as LiAl SinO2n+2 and Li AlSinO2n+2 in this study. The latter formula represents the ion-absorbed lithium ores, from which lithium ions can be readily extracted in leaching experiments. This study explores an environment-friendly, economical, normal-temperature in situ leaching technique for clay-type lithium ores, which requires that the chemical properties of lithium ores remain unchanged before leaching experiments. The contents of various elements, loss on ignition, and porosity (massive ores) of clay-type lithium ores were analyzed through the column leaching experiments. Three leaching reagents were used: 10% sulfuric acid solution, 10% ammonium sulfate solution, and a mixture of 5% sulfuric acid solution and 5% ammonium sulfate solution. The total leaching process lasted for 190 d. The concentrations of lithium and aluminum were determined at regular intervals. The experimental results show that the porosities of the clay-type lithium ores ranged from 0.38% to 6.20%. The first and third reagents demonstrated higher leaching efficiency, achieving a Li2O leaching rate of up to 0.56% without refilling fresh reagents, whereas the leaching efficiency of the second reagent was not satisfactory. Notably, in the case of a reduced ore size, the third mixed leaching solution yielded the same leaching efficiency as the first high-concentration sulfuric acid solution. Overall, this study provides a practical in situ leaching technique for clay-type lithium ores in mines.

       

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