基于测井约束的储层孔隙度地震叠前直接反演方法

    Well-logging constrained direct inversion of pre-stack seismic data for reservoir porosity prediction

    • 摘要: 孔隙度是油气勘探中最重要的储层参数之一。本文结合Gassmann方程与Eshelby-Walsh方程构建数学模型,依托高信噪比叠前地震资料所提供的高精度叠前弹性参数反演结果,推导并建立了适用于孔隙度直接反演的目标函数,实现了对地层岩石孔隙度的直接计算;在广义线性反演理论框架下,以精确Zoeppritz方程为理论基础,引入测井资料作为约束条件,完成了储层孔隙度的直接反演。相较于传统孔隙度估算方式,本方法直接输入地震道集与测井数据,避免了传统流程中依赖纵、横波速度及密度等参数进行间接估算所带来的多步骤误差累积问题;借助精确Zoeppritz方程在波场传播描述方面的理论完备性,所得孔隙度反演结果在分辨率与准确性方面均优于基于三参数经验转换关系的常规方法。实际资料应用效果显示,基于测井约束的叠前弹性参数直接反演所获得的孔隙度数据与实测测井曲线具有良好的一致性,展现出更高的精度与分辨能力。该算法获取的高精度孔隙度成果,对于储层精细预测、井位部署优化以及压裂开采方案设计等工程实践具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。

       

      Abstract: Porosity serves as a crucial reservoir parameter for hydrocarbon exploration. This study constructed a mathematical model integrating Gassmann's equation and Eshelby-Walsh theory. Using this model, an objective function was derived and established for direct porosity inversion relying on the inverted high-precision pre-stack elastic parameters from pre-stack seismic data with a high signal-to-noise ratio, thereby enabling the direct calculation of formation rock porosity. Within the framework of generalized linear inversion theory, using the precise Zoeppritz equation as the theoretical foundation, this study achieved the direct inversion of reservoir porosity by introducing well-logging data as constraints. Conventional porosity estimation methods rely on the indirect porosity estimation using parameters such as P- and S-wave velocities and density, resulting in multi-step error accumulation. To overcome this limitation, this proposed method allows direct input of seismic gathers and well-logging data. In addition, grounded on the theoretical advantages of the exact Zoeppritz equation in describing wavefield propagation, this method yielded inverted porosity results with higher resolution and accuracy compared to those obtained using conventional methods based on three-parameter empirical conversions. Application in actual data shows that the porosity data obtained from the well-logging constrained direct inversion of pre-stack elastic parameters align well with actual logging curves, demonstrating higher accuracy and resolution. The high-precision porosity data provide critical theoretical value and practical guidance for detailed reservoir prediction, well placement optimization, and the design of fracturing production schemes.

       

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